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Assessing the effect of implement, Schick et al. (2010) found no difference in pectoralis major muscle activity when performing the free-weight bench press or when performing a Smith machine bench press. Saeterbakken et al. (2011) also found no difference in pectoralis major muscle activity between the free-weight, smith machine or dumbbell bench press. McCaw & Friday (1994) compared isoinertial load between the free-weight bench press and the machine bench press at 60 and 80% of 1RM and reported no difference in muscle activity at either relative load. Welsch et al. (2005) compared the bench press performed with a barbell compared with a dumbbell and found no differences in pectoralis major muscle activity.