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Äntligen börjar dina rätt självklara slutsatser om nationalism och tribalism inses av den härskande klassen. I en läsvärd artikel i Foreign Policy om Trumpdoktrinen finner vi dessa rader:Jag skrev inte om sunt och sjukt, utan om vad som erfarenhetsmässigt är norm. Partiskhet kommer före analys. Ställningstagandet före argumenten. Att dekonstruera en tillhörighet i syfte att bättre ta ställning för den blir ett cirkelargument. Finns viljan, finns identiteten.
En normaliserad svenskhet förstår att vara partisk, vilket är en allmänmänsklig, universell princip. Det räcker.
Om sedan Sverige är en fredsskadad, märkvärdig liten stormakt in spe, är en sak. Att vi tillhör en historisk europeisk världshegemoni, en annan. Det kan förklara makro- och mikroförlopp och hastigheter, likheter och olikheter. Det kan rentav innehålla instrumentella, psykologiska sanningar om hur Sverige BÅDE kan rädda sig självt och höra sitt namn ärat gå över jorden. Kretsloppsmigrationen är den märkvärdiga svenska progressivitetens oväntade, världshistoriska triumf.
Men det centrala kommer inte vara introspektion, utan en process att lära sig av yttre, vana aktörer hur det här med mångkultur fungerar. Man är alltid partisk och medveten om vad som pågår i dynamiken ingrupper emellan. Man låter sig inte luras, är inte objektiv eller neutral.
Det som verkar fattas i Petersons analys är just den exkluderande ingruppen som förutsättning för individens möjlighet att bädda sin säng i fred. Filosofi som introspektivt alternativ till politikens aktivitet och inomvärldslighet.
En normaliserad svenskhet förstår att vara partisk, vilket är en allmänmänsklig, universell princip. Det räcker.
Om sedan Sverige är en fredsskadad, märkvärdig liten stormakt in spe, är en sak. Att vi tillhör en historisk europeisk världshegemoni, en annan. Det kan förklara makro- och mikroförlopp och hastigheter, likheter och olikheter. Det kan rentav innehålla instrumentella, psykologiska sanningar om hur Sverige BÅDE kan rädda sig självt och höra sitt namn ärat gå över jorden. Kretsloppsmigrationen är den märkvärdiga svenska progressivitetens oväntade, världshistoriska triumf.
Men det centrala kommer inte vara introspektion, utan en process att lära sig av yttre, vana aktörer hur det här med mångkultur fungerar. Man är alltid partisk och medveten om vad som pågår i dynamiken ingrupper emellan. Man låter sig inte luras, är inte objektiv eller neutral.
Det som verkar fattas i Petersons analys är just den exkluderande ingruppen som förutsättning för individens möjlighet att bädda sin säng i fred. Filosofi som introspektivt alternativ till politikens aktivitet och inomvärldslighet.
The other, more familiar phrase for the president’s foreign policy—“America First”—is much maligned, mostly for historical reasons. But the phrase itself is almost tautologically unobjectionable. After all, what else is the purpose of any country’s foreign policy except to put its own interests, the interests of its citizens, first?https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/20...t-nationalism/
Few countries ever act exclusively out of self-interest. Indeed, states sometimes do things that run counter to their immediate interests. For instance, it’s rarely in a country’s direct interest, narrowly construed, to accept refugees. Yet many countries do so because their leaders have concluded that welcoming the dispossessed serves some higher good.
That said, one never sees nations sacrificing themselves for other nations, the way individuals sometimes do—by fighting for their country, for example. In this sense, Thomas Hobbes is instructive: All countries live in the state of nature vis-à-vis one another. Not only is there no superseding authority, no world government, above the nation-state to enforce transnational morality; there is also no higher law for nations than the law of nature and no higher object than self-preservation and perpetuation.
For all its bluntness and simplicity, America First is, at its root, just a restatement of this truth. Countries putting their own interests first is the way of the world, an inexpugnable part of human nature. Like other aspects of human nature, it can be sublimated or driven underground for a time—but only for a time. You may drive out nature with a pitchfork, Horace said, but it keeps on coming back.
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Let’s all put our own countries first, and be candid about it, and recognize that it’s nothing to be ashamed of. Putting our interests first will make us all safer and more prosperous.
If there is a Trump Doctrine, that’s it.
Perhaps the key point—at a time when many view self-interest (at least when practiced by democracies) as evil and see international self-abnegation as the height of justice—is Trump’s recognition that there’s nothing wrong with looking out for No. 1.
This notion is very hard for some to accept. And to be clear, by “some” I mean the foreign-policy establishment, the academic and intellectual elite, and the opinion-making classes—in short, the traditional readers of Foreign Policy.
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Before taking this point any further, it’s necessary to make an even more elementary point. As thinkers since the ancient Greeks have recognized, all political entities—from the smallest village to the largest empire—are based on a distinction between insiders and outsiders, between those who belong and those who do not, between citizens or subjects and foreigners. The important distinction, then, is not between universalism and particularity—the state will always be particular. The key question is how far the latter can safely or wisely be taken in the direction of the former.
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What does any of this have to do with our current situation? The answer is, everything: for while traditional empires may have gone out of fashion, globalization has taken its place as the imperialism of our time. Globalization represents an attempt to do through peaceful means—the creation of transnational institutions, the erosion of borders, and the homogenization of intellectual, cultural, and economic products—what the Romans (and Cyrus and others) achieved through arms.
No surprise, then, that globalization and imperialism suffer from the same flaws. Like the latter, the former is also hubristic and prone to overreach. It also erodes and even subverts and attacks liberty. It requires centralization.
Globalization also has the same stifling impact on ideas, and for the same reasons, that Machiavelli diagnosed as a problem with imperialism 500 years ago. Globalization reduces differences in thought in any number of ways: through media consolidation, for example, or through the homogenization of the elite—who these days all seem to come from the same background, attend the same schools, and go to the same conferences. The champions of globalization also aren’t above stooping to outright censorship and coercion when threatened. Indeed, this impulse is perhaps the most important root of political correctness.
Defenders of globalization will respond that whereas imperialism—globalization by conquest—amounts to theft and enslavement and is inherently violent, today’s globalization is voluntary.
But is it really? It certainly doesn’t feel that way to the people all over the world who have seen their culture, traditions, communities, and economies disappear before their eyes. And this transformation has been voluntary only in the sense that it has been undertaken with the full approval of the elite. As for the common folk, not so much.
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As we’ve already established, nationalism and national sovereignty are intrinsic to human nature. So it should come as no surprise that the EU’s attempt to tamp it down provoked a populist revolt, embodied by the rise of the yellow vest movement in France, Italian Interior Minister Matteo Salvini, Poland’s Law and Justice party, the Brexit process, and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
This brings us back to Trump, since the first pillar of his foreign policy is a simple recognition of this overlooked reality: that populism is a result of all this enforced leveling and homogenization. The backlash was brewing long before Trump became a presidential candidate and would have found a champion with or without him. But he saw it first and seized on it by telling the discontented that he heard them, that their grievances were valid, and that he would speak on their behalf.
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This idea points to the final pillar of the Trump Doctrine: that it is not in U.S. interests to homogenize the world. Doing so weakens states whose strength is needed to defend our common interests.
As the quote from Hazony above makes clear, we’ve all been indoctrinated in the alleged dangers of nationalism. But few people today dare ask about the dangers of a lack of nationalism. Yet those dangers are manifold: Nationalism saved France in 1914, and the lack of it doomed the country in 1940. It’s unclear, moreover, how standing and fighting for one’s own in a just cause is anything but noble.
Beyond all this, globalism makes the world less rich, less interesting, and more boring. In the lecture he wrote after receiving the 1970 Nobel Prize in literature, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn argued:
In recent times, it has been fashionable to talk of the leveling of countries, of the disappearance of different races in the melting pot of contemporary civilization. I do not agree with this opinion. … Nations are the wealth of mankind, its collective personalities; the very least of them wears its own special colors and bears within itself a special facet of divine intention.
These words, written almost 50 years ago, are more relevant today than ever. Solzhenitsyn was talking about another empire, which had subsumed many nations and was trying to brainwash them out of existence. These captive nations are now free, thanks in part to him, and many of them stand on the front lines, ready and eager to defend not just themselves but all nations and the very principle of the nation itself.
As the Solzhenitsyn quote makes clear, Trump’s foreign policy is fundamentally a return to normalcy. What we had before couldn’t go on. It is too generous to say it was going to end in disaster: It had already produced disaster. Getting back to some semblance of normal is necessary, good, and inevitable. Anything that can’t go on forever won’t. The only question is how it ends: with a hard crash or soft landing? For the establishment, Brexit and Trump and all the rest may feel like the former, but they’re really the latter—a normal response by beleaguered peoples who have been pushed too far. Trump is simply putting U.S. foreign policy back on a path that accords with nature.