2013-02-23, 12:34
#661
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Senast redigerad av Nostradumbass 2013-02-23 kl. 12:43.
Senast redigerad av Nostradumbass 2013-02-23 kl. 12:43.
Illusions of invulnerability creating excessive optimism and encouraging risk taking.Type II: Closed-mindedness
Unquestioned belief in the morality of the group, causing members to ignore the consequences of their actions.
Rationalizing warnings that might challenge the group's assumptions.Type III: Pressures toward uniformity
Stereotyping those who are opposed to the group as weak, evil, biased, spiteful, impotent, or stupid.
Self-censorship of ideas that deviate from the apparent group consensus.Groupthink, resulting from the symptoms listed above, results in defective decision-making. That is, consensus-driven decisions are the result of the following practices of groupthinking.
Illusions of unanimity among group members, silence is viewed as agreement.
Direct pressure to conform placed on any member who questions the group, couched in terms of "disloyalty"
Mind guards— self-appointed members who shield the group from dissenting information.
(min fetstil)
Incomplete survey of alternatives
Incomplete survey of objectives
Failure to examine risks of preferred choice
Failure to reevaluate previously rejected alternatives
Poor information search
Selection bias in collecting information
Failure to work out contingency plans.
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