Martin Luther - största kättaren i mänsklighetens historia

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Tridentinska kyrkomötet


Tridentinska kyrkomötet (även Tridentinum) var det nittonde av den romersk-katolska kyrkans allmänna (ekumeniska) kyrkomöten. Det hölls i Trento (Trient) i norra Italien 1545-1563.
Efter konciliet i Konstanz (1414-1418) fanns förhoppningar om ett ”fritt kristet koncilium” som skulle genomföra den kyrkoreform som syntes behövas. 1500-talets reformatorer anslöt sig till dessa förhoppningar och menade, att ett sådant skulle kunna ena de olika parterna. När ett koncilium till slut sammanträdde i Trient, hade splittringen dock gått för långt. De inbjudna protestanterna infann sig inte (f.ö. hade också de svenska biskoparna inbjudits), varför mötet dominerades av dem som förblivit påven trogna under protestantismens första våg. Mötet beslutade dock om genomgripande reformer som kom att prägla de följande århundradena (tridentinska reformen).
Trientkonciliet fastställde en rad centrala romersk-katolska läror om framförallt rättfärdiggörelsen, mässan och eukaristin. Konciliefäderna beordrade jämväl en kodifiering av de olika latinska riterna, däribland den romerska riten.
Samtliga beslut underställdes 1570 påve Pius V för stadfästelse. De lades till grund för den tridentiska trosbekännelsen, Professio fidei Tridentinae, utgiven 1564, "förkortad" i Carechismus romanus 1566. Mötet föranledde även utgivning av breviariet 1568 och mässordningen 1570 (Missale romanum), vilken med få undantag har använts alltid och överallt i hela kyrkan ända till Andra vatikankonciliet på 1960-talet.[1]

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Phelps: The Council of Trent was the response of Rome to the Protestant Reformation. Remember - the Protestant Reformation brought us all of the political liberty that we know of today. There’s no such thing as national sovereignty without the Reformation. There’s no such thing as private rights without the Reformation. There’s no such thing as the Law of Nations, as we know of it today, of Montesquieu and the others, without the Reformation.

So, when the Reformation came with their doctrines of salvation by grace through faith alone, and that there was no need for the priesthood to go to Heaven - that all we need is salvation in Christ, and Romans 1:17: the righteous shall live by faith. When the Reformation came, it completely stripped Rome of its spiritual power.

The priests were no longer wanted because the people were getting the word of God in a Bible, specifically in Holland, England, and Germany. And so, with these great revivals breaking forth and the Reformation happening, nations were breaking away from the power of the Pope. The Holy Roman Empire was breaking up. Charles V, the Emperor, resigned and became a monk and a gardener. So, the Lord was moving mightily in breaking the power of the Holy Roman Empire, started by Charlemagne and the Pope.

Well, this was not good for Rome because they were losing lots of money. The nations were not paying “Peter’s pence” anymore, which today we call “foreign aid” in this country. And so the Pope was very upset about his.

What’s he going to do? These nations are breaking away from us; they’re not under our temporal or spiritual power; and it’s very important to remember that the Pope claims two powers - spiritual and temporal - and with the breaking of his spiritual power, he then lost his temporal power. In other words, he no longer had the ability to rule the people through the king of the country, because the king was breaking away, like Henry VIII.

So, Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Church and formed the Church of England; he no longer was subject to the Pope. This was happening in England, in Germany, in Holland, and other places.

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POPES, ROMAN CATHOLIC.

SYLVESTER I. Condemned Jewish anti-Christian activity.

GREGORY I ('The Great'). Protested wholesale circumcision of Christian slaves by Jewish traders, who monopolized the slave trade in Europe and the Middle East and were widely suspected of supplying white girls to Oriental and African buyers.

GREGORY VIII. Forbade Jews to have power over Christians, in a letter to Alfonso VI of Castile.

GREGORY IX. Condemned the TALMUD as containing "every kind of vileness and blasphemy against Christian doctrine."

BENEDICT XIII. His Bull on the Jewish issue (1450) declared:

"The heresies, vanities and errors of the TALMUD prevent their knowing the truth."

JULIUS III. Contra Hebreos retinentes libros (1554) ordered the TALMUD burned "everywhere" and established a strict censorship over Jewish genocidal writings—an order that has never been rescinded and which presumably is still binding upon Catholics.

PAUL IV. Cum nimis absurdim (1555) promulgated immediately after his coronation, was a powerful condemnation of Jewish usury. It embodies a model legal code to curb Jewish power that was recommended to all communities.

PIUS IV. Condemned Jewish genocidal writings.

PIUS V. Hebraeorum gens (1569) expelled all Jews from the Papal States.

GREGORY XIII. Declared that Jews "continue to plot horrible crimes" against Christians "with daily increasing audacity."

CLEMENT VIII. Condemned Jewish genocidal writings.

ALEXANDER VIII. Condemned Jewish genocidal writings.

BENEDICT XIV. Quo Primum 1751) denounced Jewish control of commerce and "systematical despoliation" of the Christian through usury.

PIUS VII. Known generally as an 'anti-Semite' by Jewish writers.

BENEDICT XV. Warned, in 1920, against "the advent of a Universal Republic which is longed for by all the worst elements of disorder." This is resented by some Jews because of their active sponsorship and direction of such projects as the League of Nations and United Nations.—And in effect, all Popes who have issued editions of the Index Expurgatorius, in which Jewish genocidal and anti-Christian writings are condemned, according to the instructions of the Council of Trent.