Ett av de absolut vanligaste vittnesmålen från Auschwitz var skrönan om hur golvet i "gaskammaren" automatiskt öppnades upp som en fälla från Indiana Jones, och tömde de gasade judarna ner i underjorden för att kremeras. I vissa versioner av berättelsen så tömdes judarna rakt ner i vagnar på räls, som sedan skjutsade iväg judarna till krematoriet. I andra versioner så tömdes kropparna rakt ner i ugnarna, som påstods ligga under "gaskammaren".
Är du förvånad? Då har du inte läst de flesta "vittnesmålen" från Auschwitz. Rövarhistorierna om de automatiska golven som tömde judarna ner i krematoriet var ett dominerande inslag i tidiga vittnesmål, hur absurt det än må låta. Dessa vittnesmål är naturligtvis ytterst pinsamma för ortodoxa förintelseforskare, som helst vill sopa dem under mattan och rikta blicken mot mer bekväma skrönor såsom "gasningar" med Zyklon B.
Viktigt att förstå i sammanhanget är att segermakterna i detta tidiga skede fortfarande inte beslutat om vilken utrotningsmetod som skulle tillskrivas tyskarna. Myten om "gasningar" med avlusningsmedel stadfästes först i samband med Nürnbergrättegångarna, när man haft tid att plocka russinen ur kakan och filtrera bort de mer vansinniga och påhittiga utrotningsanklagelserna. Men i det tidiga skedet så slängde man allt man kunde hitta på väggen för att se vad som fastnade.
Här är några av mina personliga favoriter om de automatiska golven.
I januari 1945 så inspekterade den ryske journalisten Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy lägret efter sovjeternas intåg. Enligt herr Polevoy så skedde massmordet med "high-voltage current" (ett vanligt tema i tidiga rapporter både från Auschwitz och andra läger).

Är du förvånad? Då har du inte läst de flesta "vittnesmålen" från Auschwitz. Rövarhistorierna om de automatiska golven som tömde judarna ner i krematoriet var ett dominerande inslag i tidiga vittnesmål, hur absurt det än må låta. Dessa vittnesmål är naturligtvis ytterst pinsamma för ortodoxa förintelseforskare, som helst vill sopa dem under mattan och rikta blicken mot mer bekväma skrönor såsom "gasningar" med Zyklon B.
Viktigt att förstå i sammanhanget är att segermakterna i detta tidiga skede fortfarande inte beslutat om vilken utrotningsmetod som skulle tillskrivas tyskarna. Myten om "gasningar" med avlusningsmedel stadfästes först i samband med Nürnbergrättegångarna, när man haft tid att plocka russinen ur kakan och filtrera bort de mer vansinniga och påhittiga utrotningsanklagelserna. Men i det tidiga skedet så slängde man allt man kunde hitta på väggen för att se vad som fastnade.
Här är några av mina personliga favoriter om de automatiska golven.
I januari 1945 så inspekterade den ryske journalisten Boris Nikolaevich Polevoy lägret efter sovjeternas intåg. Enligt herr Polevoy så skedde massmordet med "high-voltage current" (ett vanligt tema i tidiga rapporter både från Auschwitz och andra läger).

[...] they undressed, men and women separately, in dressing rooms, handed over their belongings, and then went to a room on which it was written 'Bath'; there, they were killed with high-voltage current. The floor then opened, and the corpses fell onto the conveyor belts slowly moving to the furnaces, where they were burned[.]I februari 1945 publicerade Pravda en liknande skröna:
Last year, when the Red Army revealed the terrible and disgusting secrets of Majdanek to the entire world, the Germans in Auschwitz began to wipe out the traces of their crimes. [...] They [...] blew up and destroyed the traces of the electric conveyor belt where hundreds of people had been simultaneously killed with electric current; the corpses fell onto the slow-moving conveyor belt and were carried by it to the shaft furnace, where they were completely burned[.]Vittnet Leo Laptos förtäljde följande:
[...] the gas chambers were equipped like bath houses, and [...] the people allegedly were to take a shower in them, that gas came out of the pipes instead of water, and that later the floors were tipped up, causing the victims to fall onto a conveyor belt, which transported them to the crematorium.Det holländska Auschwitz-vittnet "S. van den Bergh" hade följande att återberätta om infernot:
The victims fell down stunned; some died immediately, others came to, and were taken living to the flames. The floor then opened, and the bodies fell onto trolleys which were already ready, and the people were dumped into furnaces heated with wood.Det ungerska vittnet "G. E." konstaterade följande i juni 1945:
Two thousand people were herded into a large hall, of course undressed, with soaps and towels. Then gas came out of the nozzles. After the gas killed the people, the automatic floor started to move and it threw the bodies into the oven underneath. That was a circle-shaped floor, which could be divided into two mechanically.Vittnet "R. B" ger oss följande detaljerade beskrivning, också i juni 1945:
[i]f there were many transports and they had to burn a lot of people at the same time and had no time for gassing them the floor simply turned and people fell in the fire alive. The floor had an invisible metal axis, which was made to function by electricity. The switch was pushed by an SS man who stayed close in a cabin, from within a small adjacent cabin. If he pushed one of the switches the floor turned in an upright position and the victims slid on a conveyor belt that was invisible before, which carried them into the crematorium.Vittnet "Lieberman", också från 1945, konstaterade att:
Once the gassing process had been completed, the floor of the chamber opened automatically and the corpses fell into the subterranean chamber[.]Vittnet Hermine Kranz vittnade om följande (1945):
The inside of this chamber looks like a very large bathroom. There were objects similar to showers and there was a very pretty tiled floor. In the floor there were trap doors which opened. Under these were truck containers and the bodies after gassing were dropped into them to be moved to the furnace where the bodies were burnt. The iron trap doors were covered with tiles and there were benches all around. I saw all this.Skrönan om det automatiska golvet är inte begränsad till Aushwitz. Följande rapport gäller "ångkammaren" i Treblinka:
And from the boilers the gaseous steam is conducted through the pipes, the boilers are red, and the steam... a hellish boiling bath. Four minutes suffice, then the floor flap automatically drops down, and the slimy mass of red, curled bodies flows away into the cesspit. And finished, the pits are simply filled with chlorine, and there is no more trace of what was once alive.Inte heller "dödslägret" Sobibor går fritt från de automatiska golven! Följande vittnesmål kommer från judinnan Zelda Metz:
They were asphyxiated with chlorine. After 15 minutes, they had all suffocated. Through a window it was checked whether they were all dead. Then the floor opened automatically. The corpses fell into the cars of a train passing through the gas chamber and taking the corpses to the oven.Ett annat Sobiborvittne, juden Ber Freiberg, vittnade så tidigt som augusti 1944 att:
A German, who was called the 'bathhouse attendant,' looked through a small glass opening on the roof to see if the killing process was completed. Upon his signal, the gas was shut off, the floor was mechanically drawn apart, and the corpses fell below. There were carts in the cellar, and a group of doomed men piled the corpses of the executed onto them.Sobibor-vittnet Alexander Pechersky beskrev de automatiska golven såhär:
The 'bath' keeper observes the whole procedure through a window in the ceiling. Within a quarter of an hour everything is over. The floor opens and the corpses fall into carts waiting below, in the basement of the 'bath-house'. As soon as they are full, they move away quickly. It is all done according to the latest German technology.Judinnan Ursula Stern vittnade också om Sobibor, år 1945:
There was a gas chamber which could hold 600 persons; the gas came into the chamber through showers; once the people were dead, the floor opened up and they fell through.Så sent som 1970 publicerades följande "vittnesmål" av juden Moshe Bashir om Sobibor:
And he was the one who ordered the victims in their final agony and in their death. At his order the machinery which opened the floor of the 'bathhouse' was activated, and the corpses fell into small carts, which took them at first to mass graves and later, when time was short, to cremation ovens instead.Under Eichmann-rättegången i Jerusalem år 1961 vittnade Ya'akov Biskovitz om följande om Sobibor:
After some time, a buzzing sound would be heard, the floor opened up, and the victims fell into the deep hollow below and were conveyed in this little train into the pit where the eighty men of Camp 3 were working, and they burned the bodies.Chaim Engel konstaterade att:
[...] trap doors were located in the gas chambers through which the corpses would fall.Inte heller "dödslägret" Belzec går säkert. Följande kreativa dödsmetod härrör från juden Stefan Szenda:
Once the Jews were all inside, the floor of this hall sank like a lift into a great tank of water which lay below it until the Jews were up to their waists in water. Then a powerful electric current was sent into the metal flooring and within a few seconds all the Jews, thousands at a time, were dead. The metal flooring then rose again and the water drained away. The corpses of the slaughtered Jews were now heaped all over the floor. A different current was then switched on and the metal flooring rapidly became red hot, so that the corpses were incinerated as in a crematorium and only ash was left.Följande vittnesmål om Belzec publicerades så tidigt som oktober 1944 och kommer från judinnan Rozalja Schelewna Schier:
The floor was then tipped up and the ashes slid out into prepared receptacles. The smoke of the process was carried away by great factory chimneys.
When the bath house is completely full with 100-120 people, gas and high-voltage electric current are fed into it. Within 5 minutes, all the people in the bath house were dead. Inside the shed, the floor folds automatically, and the corpses fall into a previously dug trench where the victims are doused with a flammable liquid and burnt.Ett år senare, i oktober 1945, bekräftar vittnet "Jan G." att golven i Belzec kunde öppnas upp:

From this I conclude that the hinges were used for the floor of the gas chamber, which opened up after the Jews had been killed, thereby letting the corpses drop into carts, which took them to a common grave.