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Ursprungligen postat av
Lucas49
Som sagt, är mer bekymrad över den ryska kärnkraftsindustrin än över kärnkraften i det demokratiska Ukraina. IAEA har full tillsyn till Ukrainas energiframställning genom kärnbränsle så vi kan sova lugnt, jag lovar. Det är ryssens oansvariga hantering av utbränt kärnbränsle som oroar oss i väst. Miljö och Ryssland går ju inte ihop liksom, där har Ukraina ett rejält försprång i sin energipolitik. Att samarbeta med oss är Ukrainas väg framåt vare sig det gäller teknik, miljö eller politik, områden där Ryssland ligger inte har något större att bidra världen med.
Du bluffar,
IAEA har ingen extra tillsyn av ukrainska kärnkraftverk, det gäller vanlig tillsyn som för kärnkraftverk i övriga länder.
Däremot, har IAEA synpunkter över
byte av kärnbränsle i ukrainska kärnkraftverk. Enligt Miroslav Lipar:
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"If Ukraine makes a decision
to change all the fuel, then IAEA sees it as impossible, it is not a simple metal part, it is
very important from the safety point of view.
"
There is an example of Rivne station where they changed only a small piece of metal on the safety valve, which was not original. This led to the closure of the safety valve," said the representative of the IAEA.
http://www.publics.bg/en/news/11178/
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The Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) told Reuters it
had no comment to make on the Zaporoshskaya accident so far.
An international convention, adopted after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster,
obliges countries to notify the IAEA of any nuclear accident that can affect other countries.
Demchyshyn has acknowledged
the country needs to start buying energy from Russia.
“
I know negotiations are under way on the import of energy,” he said. “I am certain that… this is a necessary step. However difficult it might be politically, this is a necessary step.”
https://emergingequity.org/2014/12/0...by-ukraine-pm/
Från en artikel i "Washingtontimes", från 30 mars 2017
Ett av problem är att enligt lag bör SNRIU (State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine) som övervakar Energoatom, vara oberoende och dess personal vara noggrann vald, men på senare år har blivit standard att Energoatom själv väljer personal till SNRIU:
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Ukraine’s nuclear power plants are supposed to be regulated by the State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine (SNRIU), which by law is an independent regulatory body. In recent years, however, it has become standard practice for the leaders of SNRIU to be appointed by the state nuclear power plant operator, Energoatom, instead of through a rigorous, independent selection process.
If Energoatom cannot meet certain safety standards or deadlines, its bosses simply inform the regulator of such, and the deadlines are extended or eliminated, public safety be damned.
Operating in such a permissive environment, Energoatom no longer feels any pressure to observe the best domestic regulatory or international practices in its procurement operations. Instead of adhering to the procedures of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and hiring companies with a proven track record, Energoatom started using dubious firms that do not possess the necessary experience and expertise to do work. International inspections are pro forma and only carried out infrequently.
All this corruption has led to extremely dangerous decisions putting the safety of Ukrainians and people across Europe at great risk. For example, the life spans of two units of the Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant, the largest in Europe, were extended, while seismic safety measures were ignored.
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An inspection found that the emergency diesel generators, which are responsible for cooling the reactors in the event of a power loss, were virtually incapable of doing so.
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The Ukrainian anti-corruption agency, NOBU, recently
uncovered bribes paid by the Czech company Skoda JS to officials at Energoatom. Illegal withdrawals of public funds for cable products, working with offshore companies that sponsor terrorism worldwide, and
overpayments by Energoatom of hundreds of millions of UAH, have all been uncovered by Ukrainian anti-corruption officials.
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/...ll-over-all-e/
Men det finns mer om ukrainska kärnkraftverk.
Enligt NGO "bankwatch", Ukraina fått låna 2016, från The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Euratom, 300 miljoner från var och en, för att säkerhetsställa de 12 kärnkraftverk, men Ukrainska myndigheter ansåg att dessa lån skulle användas istället för förlängning av reaktorernas livslängd:
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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Euratom – each extended EUR 300 million in loans for improving the safety of Ukraine's 12 nuclear energy units – had also practically acknowledged, that in their current condition, these Soviet-era nuclear reactors are a serious risk for both Ukraine and its neighbours.
Over the next four years these ageing nuclear reactors will reach the end of their original lifespan, but the government in Kiev is as keen as ever to use the EU's financial support to keep them going for at least ten extra years.
And indeed, rather than helping Ukraine to retire its nuclear fleet and chart a new, sustainable energy course, Europe is now knowingly helping perpetuate a profoundly precarious energy source.
The European financiers were hoping to be able to positively influence the nuclear regulatory framework in the country, but have so far failed to act on a governmental decree in effect since January 2015 that bars SNRIU, the state nuclear regulator, from initiating inspections in nuclear facilities. This decree was issued a mere month after the EBRD gave the green light for the disbursement of its loan's first tranche.
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And even worse,
Ukraine is consistently overlooking its legal obligations under both international treaties and the conditions to the loans it has received.
In May, when unit 2 at the South Ukraine nuclear power plant exceeded its design lifetime, it was taken off the grid.
Unit 1 in the same nuclear power plant has already been operating beyond its original operational deadline since 2013, even though
an independent expert study released in April this year determined the nuclear reactor has critical vulnerabilities due to substantial wear.
https://bankwatch.org/news-media/blo...es-energy-woes
"New cases at UN and EU bodies against Ukraine's prolongation of nuclear licenses"
Ukraina trotsar allt och alla
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As pressure from civil society and governments is mounting,
UN and EU bodies acknowledge Ukraine’s lack of accountability for plans to extend the lifetime of its nuclear fleet. Once again.
Two years ago,
the Implementation Committee (IC) of the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context proposed an unprecedented measure concerning the lifetime extensions of two ageing nuclear reactors in Ukraine, Rivne 1 and 2.
The committee demanded not only that transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are conducted for the two reactors, but that this rule applies to other cases of lifetime extensions as well.
Over the past two years Bankwatch has been warning against the authorisation of the prolonged operation of four more nuclear power units in Ukraine – in the power plants Zaporizhia and South Ukraine.
In October the Espoo Convention’s IC has announced (pdf) that it is opening information gathering processes for both cases.
The move can be seen as an acknowledgement of
repeated requests by Ukraine’s neighbours to be involved in the assessment and decision making on nuclear lifetime extensions in Ukraine.
At the end of October,
President Petro Poroshenko rejected the bill in its entirety. It was just over
a month after the secretariat of the Energy Community announced the opening of an infringement procedure against Ukraine for its failure to adopt an EIA law in line with the relevant EU directive.
Ukraine’s obligation to transpose the EU Environmental Impact Assessment Directive is not only included in its Association Agreement with the EU, but constitutes a key committment of Ukraine’s membership in the Energy Community.
The agreements between Ukraine and EURATOM and the EBRD each clearly
oblige Ukraine to adhere to rules in Energy Community Treaty, including the transposition of the EU EIA law and the compliance with international law, including the Espoo convention.
The latest decisions by both
the Energy Community secretariat and the Espoo Convention’s IC investigating new cases of potential non-compliance by Ukraine should prompt the EU and international financiers to suspend their support to Ukraine’s nuclear programme. The two international bodies are not the only ones awaiting clarifications from the Ukrainian government and nuclear authorities.
Romania, Hungary, Austria and Slovakia are determined to take further steps to secure their right to participate in the decision making process on a development that could affect, perhaps even put at risk, their own citizens.
https://bankwatch.org/news-media/blo...clear-licenses
