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Yes, och av de 8 största undersökningar som gjorts hittade 1 en effekt. Den senaste, som replikerade tidigare forskning och hade närmare 600 deltagare (2016) hittade ingen effekt. Visst kanske det finns en effekt men jag tror du har missuppfattat vad stereotyphotet är för något, se nedan.
Nej, såklart den inte kan eftersom effekten inte handlar om att minska ex. könsgapet på SAT utan "hotet från stereotypen" handlar om att man kan öka skillnaden ytterligare om man inför stereotyphot. Författaren till en du hänvisar till ovan (Stoet) förklarar det här:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJAOltce6jI
Är det inte intressant att alla andra partier nu har infört SD politik? Det som för ett år sedan var rasism är idag regeringspolitik. Om de nu är så obildade och korkade, hur kommer det sig att de tiden ger dem rätt? (nu delar jag förvisso din åsikt att många av dem är idioter men det är å andra sidan inget de är ensamma om i politiken idag).
Jag har inte alls missuppfattat vad stereotyphot är för något, tvärtom! Din länkade youtube-klipp ändrar inte på det faktumet att författarna till studien
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00637/full konstaterar att effekterna av stereotyphot inte bör överdrivas, inte att de inte existerar:
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Interestingly, neither students' achievement level nor their domain identification were taken into account in recent meta-analyses (Stoet and Geary, 2012; Flore and Wicherts, 2014) that downplayed the seriousness of ST effects. Although, we agree with these papers that the importance of ST effects should not be overstated, we also think that the key moderators of these effects should not be underestimated either. In their meta-analytic review, Walton and Cohen (2003) clearly found that both ST (as well as stereotype lift effects) are much more likely among stigmatized who are high achievers and/or highly identified with the domain. Consistent with this, in our own female sample the higher the math grades, the higher ST effect." (under rubriken "Discussion")
Enligt Disciplina minskar den uppmätta effekten, men försvinner definitivt när man tar hänsyn till studier som inte publicerats. 'Publication bias' är ju ett problem som förekommer inom samtliga vetenskapliga fält, och det är viktigt att känna till det. Men det motbevisar ju inte att effekten av stereotyphot skulle existera, utan bara att den eventuellt är något mindre än vad publicerade studier ger intrycket av.
Könsgapet i SAT-M beror på följande saker vilket jag upprepat till leda tidigare i den här tråden:
http://www.fairtest.org/sat-math-gender-bias-causes-consequences
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- The SAT's emphasis on speed: "Since these tests require students to solve 25 to 35 problems in 30 minutes, there is a premium on efficiency. In contrast, reformulated mathematics courses that include an emphasis on solving complex, ill-posed, and personally-relevant problems place a premium on sustained reasoning."
- multiple-choice questions: "mathematics examinations in the Netherlands, England, Australia, and other countries that require solutions to several long problems seem unbiased with regard to gender."
- Simplistic content: "ability to refine complex problems and design appropriate solutions goes beyond the skills measured in college entrance examinations.
- Self-confidence: "Studies suggest that males, compared to females, expect to answer correctly, independent of actual performance. This perspective results in less answer checking and reflection, useful skills for speeded tests.
- Stereotype vulnerability: "there was a gap in average scores for males and females when the experimenters announced that they expected gender differences." Similar correlations between expectations and performance have been reported for African American students by researcher Claude Steele (see Examiner, Fall/Winter 1995-96)
As a result of these factors, young women receive lower SAT-Math scores and lose out on college admissions, scholarships, placement into advanced courses, prestige, and career opportunities."
http://homeschoolerpost.com/16105/129874/a/are-boys-really-better-than-girls-at-math
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Some researchers have suggested that it is early childhood play that kickstarts the gender gap. Boys are encouraged to play with building materials such as Lego, which develops their spatial awareness. They are also more supported in large-muscle physical play which involves running, jumping, and climbing and, again, develops their senses of space, shape, angle, distance, speed, acceleration, and other concepts that later connect directly to mathematics. Others have pointed out that nearly all elementary school teachers are females who, themselves, suffer from a high degree of math anxiety and a belief that boys are better at math than girls."
Pojkar uppmuntras till att hoppa, springa, klättra i träd, leka tuffa actionhjältar, spela dataspel, kasta med boll samt leka med byggsatser som lego. Flickor uppfostras till att vara små passiva prinsessor och delta i skönhetstävlingar samt leka stillsamma lekar med dockor, dockhus, leksakskök och liknande. Inte konstigt att pojkarnas spatiala förmåga blir extra boostad.
Här är en länk till en studie som beskriver hur könsuppdelade leksaker påverkar barnens förmågor. Flickleksaker stimulerar verbala och språkliga förmågor medan pojkleksaker inverkar positivt på den spatiala förmågan.
http://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1107&context=economics_the ses
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Beginning at an early age, children foster different cognitive abilities based on play with toys deemed appropriate for their gender. While boys’ toys promote skills in math and science fields, girls’ toys promote verbal and linguistic skills.This difference in cognitive ability has shown to influence a child throughout his or her lifetime, beginning with the education gap in schools and continuing on to influence a child’s choice in college major as well as his or her future occupational choice. Additionally, gender specific toys are raising concern about promoting violence in young boys and an obsession with appearance in young girls. While it is clear that children historically prefer toys designated for their own gender, this paper concludes that children’s preferences in toys are heavily influenced by parental, teacher and societal expectations regarding which toys are appropriate for each gender. Lastly, this paper aims to explore the future consequences of toy segregation as well as several potential solutions to gendered toys in the marketplace."
https://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/Why-So-Few-Women-in-Science-Technology-Engineering-and-Mathematics.pdf
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Less than one-third of college-educated white men in the engineering, math, computer science, and physical science workforce scored higher than 650 on the SAT math exam, and more than one-third had SAT math scores below 550—the math score of the average humanities major. Even though a correlation exists between high school math test scores and later entry into STEM education and careers, very high math scores are not necessarily a prerequisite for success in STEM fields." (sid 21)
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Research consistently finds that stereotype threat adversely affects women’s math performance to a modest degree (Nguyen & Ryan, 2008) and may account for as much as 20 points on the math portion of the SAT (Walton & Spencer, 2009). While 20 points on a test with a total possible score of 800 may seem small, in 2008 the average male score on the SAT math exam was 30 points higher than the average female score, so eliminating stereotype threat could eliminate two-thirds of the gender gap on the SAT-M." (sid 40-41)
Stereotyphot existerar tydligen och är tillräckliga för att försämra kvinnors matematikprestationer.
(OT: Anledningen till att de andra sju partierna infört delar av SD:s politik är helt enkelt att de vill vinna tillbaka sina gamla väljare från SD. Politiker må vara idioter men de har en slug räv bakom örat.

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