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Ursprungligen postat av
skäggmannen
Jag ikväll kollat på dokumentären på svtplay, och skulle vilja höra en annan sida av den här historien.
Har Paolo gjort några som helst framsteg inom uppbyggnader av kroppsdelar med stamceller vid dom här operationerna eller är det ren och skär galenskap?
Visst får man väl säga att Paulo ändå gjort framsteg? Det erkännandet måste man väl ändå ge honom?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo_Macchiarini
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Claudia Castillo: First transplant using patient's stem cells
In June 2008, Macchiarini conducted the world's first transplant of a donated trachea colonized with the stem cells of the patient, Claudia Castillo.[11] "After a severe collapse of her left lung in March, Castillo needed regular hospital visits to clear her airways and was unable to take care of her children."[12] The only treatment left to her following conventional medicine "was a major operation to remove her left lung which carries a risk of complications and a high mortality rate."[13] Macchiarini proposed tissue engineering.
A team from Spain, the UK and Italy, collaborated on the surgery, which took place at Spain's Hospital Clinic of Barcelona.[14] They stripped the donated organ of its cells and MHC antigens (involved in helping the body recognize foreign tissues).[15] They used the remaining structure as a scaffold for the patient's own cells, which were cultured onto it.[15]
The operation was an immediate success. "The graft immediately provided the recipient with a functional airway, improved her quality of life, and had a normal appearance and mechanical properties at 4 months. The patient had no anti-donor antibodies and was not on immunosuppressive drugs."[15] The latter aspect was a significant advantage, as immunosuppressive drugs can "increase the risks of infection, malignancy, cardiovascular disease and bone marrow suppression."[16] "The technique raises the prospect of transplants for patients whose organs are damaged by cancer, who then cannot take the drugs as they increase the risk of cancer returning."[11]
Martin Birchall, then Professor of Surgery at the University of Bristol, commented on the importance of the operation's success: “Surgeons can now start to see and understand the very real potential for adult stem cells and tissue engineering to radically improve their ability to treat patients with serious diseases. We believe this success has proved that we are on the verge of a new age in surgical care”.[13]
Castillo was reported to be in good health six years after the surgery.[17]
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Ciaran Finn-Lynch: first child
March 2010: Ciaran Finn-Lynch is the first child to receive stem cell organ treatment, and also had the "longest airway that has ever been replaced."[18] He was 10 years old when an earlier transplanted trachea (with metal stents) started to cut into his aorta, the main blood vessel coming out of his heart.[19] After several operations, there was still bleeding from the stents. With no other options in sight, the team leader thought of Macchiarini's earlier success with Castillo.[19]
Macchiarini joined colleagues at London's Great Ormond Street Hospital during the operation, which was led by Martin Elliott,[18] and included Martin Birchall of University College London.[20] Macchiarini seeded the child's stem cells to the donated trachea and applied growth factor chemicals.[20] He explained, "We told the cells to differentiate and transform naturally into the layers that make up the airway."[20]
Due to the urgency of the child's condition, surgeons weren't able to wait for the patient's stem cells to develop into trachea cells in the lab. Martin Birchall said: "To minimise delays, we bypassed the usual process of growing cells in the laboratory over a period of weeks, and instead opted to grow the cells inside the body, in a similar manner to treatments currently being trialed with patients who have had heart attacks."[20] Using this technique, "the boy's trachea was ready to be implanted in just four hours."[18] The entire operation lasted nearly nine hours.[21]
The operation was successful. On March 20, 2010, team leader Martin Elliott said, "The child is extremely well. He's breathing completely for himself and speaking, and he says it's easier for him to breathe than it has been for many years."[18] After six months, his trachea looked almost normal, and his progress continued.[19]
In April 2013, then 14-year-old Finn-Lynch was honoured with a Pontifical Hero Award for his courage, during the Second International Adult Stem Cell conference at the Vatican. He was the second person to receive the award.[19]
Macchiarini believed that the implications for future treatments went beyond organ replacement, to the healing of damaged organs with stem cell therapy. "We need to change our philosophy…. The question is do we really need to transplant the entire organ and put the patient on immunosuppression, or can we stimulate stem cells to make it function again?"[18] Martin Birchall said that more clinical trials were needed, but was hopeful that the technique could "allow not just highly specialized hospitals to carry out stem cell organ transplants."[22]
