Här är två intressanta studier som visar att det är vitaminberikningen av mjöl som kanske orsakar övervikt. Sverige berikar mjöl, de siktar bort fibrerna och häller i vitaminer istället och kallar det för fullkorn. För att bli av med vitaminöverskottet måste man sedan svettas ut det. Jag kan själv inte äta bröd utan att gå upp i vikt.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3932423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549666/
Citat:
Over the past few decades, food fortification and infant formula supplementation with high levels of vitamins have led to a sharp increase in vitamin intake among infants, children and adults. This is followed by a sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases, with significant disparities among countries and different groups within a country. It has long been known that B vitamins at doses below their toxicity threshold strongly promote body fat gain. Studies have demonstrated that formulas, which have very high levels of vitamins, significantly promote infant weight gain, especially fat mass gain, a known risk factor for children developing obesity.
Furthermore, ecological studies have shown that increased B vitamin consumption is strongly correlated with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. We therefore hypothesize that excess vitamins may play a causal role in the increased prevalence of obesity. This review will discuss: (1) the causes of increased vitamin intake; (2) the non-monotonic effect of excess vitamin intake on weight and fat gain; and (3) the role of vitamin fortification in obesity disparities among countries and different groups within a country.
Citat:
CONCLUSION
Since the late 1930s, when synthetic vitamins were first used, the human being has experienced the largest growth in vitamin intake in human history. It is possible that excess vitamins, especially B vitamins, may contribute to the development of obesity. Vitamin-rich formulas and food fortification with vitamins may, to a large extent, be responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity over the past several decades. Different fortification policies and standards may account for the differences in the prevalence between countries, while disparities in the consumption of fortified foods may contribute to the disparities in obesity between population groups within a country. Staple food fortification may be of great harm because it leads to a sustained high vitamin intake. Therefore, given that there has been a significant increase in vitamin supply from natural sources, it is necessary and urgent to review and modify the standards of vitamin fortification.
Citat:
Excretion of vitamins
The kidneys and sweat glands are the two major excretory organs responsible for the elimination of water-soluble vitamins, and the sebaceous glands excrete lipid-soluble vitamins in the sebum[17]. The excretion of vitamins is positively related to their intake. Aging is known to be associated with decreasing function of excretory organs[18,19] and thus may reduce the clearance of vitamins.
Citat:
CONCLUSION
In summary, it can be concluded that the vitamin paradox in obesity may be a reflection of excess vitamin intake, rather than a vitamin deficiency. Given that there is a correlation between high vitamin intake and the increased prevalence of obesity, it can be assumed that obesity could be one of manifestations of chronic vitamin poisoning. Susceptible individuals to high vitamin intake are those with a low reserve capacity of excretory organs. Therefore, on an individual basis, prevention of obesity should focus on reducing their intake of vitamin-fortified foods, and for a country, more attention needs to be paid to the role of vitamin fortification and abuse in the increased prevalence of obesity and related diseases.
Citat:
Table 4
Obesity rate in selected countries with different wheat flour fortification policies
Country----Food policy Standard-(mg/kg flour, min)-Obesity rate
-----------------------------Niacin---B1--B2-----------in children
Canada----Mandatory-----52.9---6.4--4--------------9-104
USA--------Mandatory-----52.9---6.4--4--------------6.85
Kuwait-----Mandatory-----52.9---6.4--4--------------14.66
S. Arabia--Mandatory-----52.9---6.4--4--------------6-6.77
UK---------Mandatory------16-----2.4--0--------------5.15
Finland----Prohibited-------0------0----0--------------2.55
Norway----Prohibited-------0------0----0--------------2.25
France-----Prohibited-------0------0----0--------------1.65
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/art...2423/table/T4/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3932423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4549666/
