Rubriken blev för lång, den skulle egentligen vara:
Lögnen om att socioekonomisk status skulle förklara vissa invandrargruppers eller minoriteters extrema brottsbenägenheter
De invandrargrupper jag syftar på är främst de från Mellanöstern och Afrika och liknande, alltså "blattar" (jag inluderar inte östasiater i begreppet) och negrer, samt minoriteterna afroamerikaner/svarta och "Hispanics" i USA.
En vanlig myt, spridd av bl.a. "Sveriges" "Baghdad Bob" Jerzy "pojkstreck" Sarnecki är att:
Detta är förstås en ren lögn, såväl i Sverige som internationellt, t.ex. i USA. Det låter naturligtvis rimligt att någon med svältande barn är mer benägen att stjäla, men det finns studier som visar att det inte finns någon tydlig koppling mellan "relativ fattigdom" och hög (vålds-)brottslighet - det kan vara precis tvärtom:
I Sverige:
I Sydafrika:
I USA:
Vad orskar då brottslighet? I USA har man observerat följande:
http://www.colorofcrime.com/colorofcrime2005.html
Den bästa indikatorn på våldsbrottslighet är inte socioekonomiska faktorer såsom fattigdom, utbildning eller arbetslöshet, inte ens sammantaget. Den enskilt bästa indikatorn är ett områdes etniska sammansättning.
Lögnen om att socioekonomisk status skulle förklara vissa invandrargruppers eller minoriteters extrema brottsbenägenheter
De invandrargrupper jag syftar på är främst de från Mellanöstern och Afrika och liknande, alltså "blattar" (jag inluderar inte östasiater i begreppet) och negrer, samt minoriteterna afroamerikaner/svarta och "Hispanics" i USA.
En vanlig myt, spridd av bl.a. "Sveriges" "Baghdad Bob" Jerzy "pojkstreck" Sarnecki är att:
Citat:
http://wwwc.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/0003/13/dokument.html
– Svenskar som lever i Sverige under samma förhållanden som invandrare har precis lika allvarliga problem, säger Jerzy Sarnecki, professor i kriminologi vid Stockholms universitet.
Detta är förstås en ren lögn, såväl i Sverige som internationellt, t.ex. i USA. Det låter naturligtvis rimligt att någon med svältande barn är mer benägen att stjäla, men det finns studier som visar att det inte finns någon tydlig koppling mellan "relativ fattigdom" och hög (vålds-)brottslighet - det kan vara precis tvärtom:
I Sverige:
Citat:
http://www.sydsvenskan.se/Pages/ArticlePage.aspx?id=528518
Inte givet att våld beror på dålig ekonomi
Ofta kopplas brottslighet till hög arbetslöshet, dåligt med pengar och bristande integration. Men det är inte självklart att det hänger ihop.
– Det är inga enkla kopplingar mellan marginaliserade områden och brottslighet, säger Malin Åkerström, professor i sociologi med inriktning mot kriminologi vid Lunds universitet.
...
Blandade etniska grupper, hög arbetslöshet och bristande integration leder till minskad social kontroll jämfört med i en by där alla känner alla. Om det inte finns arbete att gå till eller om folk inte går i skolan finns tid att begå brott.
Men det är inte alltid så. Malin Åkerström hänvisar till en klassisk studie från 1930 som visar att brottsligheten sjönk vid hög arbetslöshet, eftersom föräldrarna var hemma och hade bättre social kontroll över barnen.
Ofta kopplas brottslighet till hög arbetslöshet, dåligt med pengar och bristande integration. Men det är inte självklart att det hänger ihop.
– Det är inga enkla kopplingar mellan marginaliserade områden och brottslighet, säger Malin Åkerström, professor i sociologi med inriktning mot kriminologi vid Lunds universitet.
...
Blandade etniska grupper, hög arbetslöshet och bristande integration leder till minskad social kontroll jämfört med i en by där alla känner alla. Om det inte finns arbete att gå till eller om folk inte går i skolan finns tid att begå brott.
Men det är inte alltid så. Malin Åkerström hänvisar till en klassisk studie från 1930 som visar att brottsligheten sjönk vid hög arbetslöshet, eftersom föräldrarna var hemma och hade bättre social kontroll över barnen.
I Sydafrika:
Citat:
http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=93226
Crime and poverty ‘not correlated’
VIOLENT crime is not necessarily linked to high poverty rates, according to a new report from the South African Institute of Race Relations.
SA has one of the world’s highest rates of violent crime and the issue is regularly seen as one of the most pressing for the government.
The report, published in Fast Facts, the institute’s newsletter, surveyed 80 indicators for municipalities across the country. Eastern Cape municipalities — with a poverty rate of 62% — had the highest murder rate, at 54 murders per 100000 people. But Limpopo municipalities, which also recorded a poverty rate of 62%, had the lowest murder rate, at 13,7 per 100000 residents.
Western Cape municipalities also had a high murder rate, at 51 per 100000 people, but a low poverty rate, at 26,5%.
Lisa Vetten, senior researcher and policy analyst for the Tshwaranang Legal Advocacy Centre, said it was too simplistic to blame poverty for high rates of violent crime. Research from Brazil showed that it was not necessarily the poorest who committed crime. “Rather, it’s those with just enough education and just enough money to have aspirations and to have their aspirations thwarted,” she said.
VIOLENT crime is not necessarily linked to high poverty rates, according to a new report from the South African Institute of Race Relations.
SA has one of the world’s highest rates of violent crime and the issue is regularly seen as one of the most pressing for the government.
The report, published in Fast Facts, the institute’s newsletter, surveyed 80 indicators for municipalities across the country. Eastern Cape municipalities — with a poverty rate of 62% — had the highest murder rate, at 54 murders per 100000 people. But Limpopo municipalities, which also recorded a poverty rate of 62%, had the lowest murder rate, at 13,7 per 100000 residents.
Western Cape municipalities also had a high murder rate, at 51 per 100000 people, but a low poverty rate, at 26,5%.
Lisa Vetten, senior researcher and policy analyst for the Tshwaranang Legal Advocacy Centre, said it was too simplistic to blame poverty for high rates of violent crime. Research from Brazil showed that it was not necessarily the poorest who committed crime. “Rather, it’s those with just enough education and just enough money to have aspirations and to have their aspirations thwarted,” she said.
I USA:
Citat:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703580904574638024055735590.html
A Crime Theory Demolished
If poverty is the root cause of lawlessness, why did crime rates fall when joblessness increased?
The recession of 2008-09 has undercut one of the most destructive social theories that came out of the 1960s: the idea that the root cause of crime lies in income inequality and social injustice. As the economy started shedding jobs in 2008, criminologists and pundits predicted that crime would shoot up, since poverty, as the "root causes" theory holds, begets criminals. Instead, the opposite happened. Over seven million lost jobs later, crime has plummeted to its lowest level since the early 1960s. The consequences of this drop for how we think about social order are significant.
...
The 1960s themselves offered a challenge to the poverty-causes-crime thesis. Homicides rose 43%, despite an expanding economy and a surge in government jobs for inner-city residents. The Great Depression also contradicted the idea that need breeds predation, since crime rates dropped during that prolonged crisis.
...
According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, homicide dropped 10% nationwide in the first six months of 2009; violent crime dropped 4.4% and property crime dropped 6.1%. Car thefts are down nearly 19%. The crime plunge is sharpest in many areas that have been hit the hardest by the housing collapse. Unemployment in California is 12.3%, but homicides in Los Angeles County, the Los Angeles Times reported recently, dropped 25% over the course of 2009. Car thefts there are down nearly 20%.
...
In 2009, the city of L.A. saw a 17% drop in homicides, an 8% drop in property crimes, and a 10% drop in violent crimes. In New York, homicides fell 19%, to their lowest level since reliable records were first kept in 1963.
If poverty is the root cause of lawlessness, why did crime rates fall when joblessness increased?
The recession of 2008-09 has undercut one of the most destructive social theories that came out of the 1960s: the idea that the root cause of crime lies in income inequality and social injustice. As the economy started shedding jobs in 2008, criminologists and pundits predicted that crime would shoot up, since poverty, as the "root causes" theory holds, begets criminals. Instead, the opposite happened. Over seven million lost jobs later, crime has plummeted to its lowest level since the early 1960s. The consequences of this drop for how we think about social order are significant.
...
The 1960s themselves offered a challenge to the poverty-causes-crime thesis. Homicides rose 43%, despite an expanding economy and a surge in government jobs for inner-city residents. The Great Depression also contradicted the idea that need breeds predation, since crime rates dropped during that prolonged crisis.
...
According to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, homicide dropped 10% nationwide in the first six months of 2009; violent crime dropped 4.4% and property crime dropped 6.1%. Car thefts are down nearly 19%. The crime plunge is sharpest in many areas that have been hit the hardest by the housing collapse. Unemployment in California is 12.3%, but homicides in Los Angeles County, the Los Angeles Times reported recently, dropped 25% over the course of 2009. Car thefts there are down nearly 20%.
...
In 2009, the city of L.A. saw a 17% drop in homicides, an 8% drop in property crimes, and a 10% drop in violent crimes. In New York, homicides fell 19%, to their lowest level since reliable records were first kept in 1963.
Vad orskar då brottslighet? I USA har man observerat följande:
Citat:
It is also common to assume that if different groups commit crimes at different rates, it is because of poverty and other forms of social disadvantage. This is a plausible argument, but controlling for social disparities does not greatly reduce race differences in crime rates. This suggest differences would remain even if the races were economically and socially equal.
Citat:
Many people believe that a bad social environment is a major contributor to crime. They believe that if people of all races had the same education, income, and social status, there would be no race differences in crime rates. Academic research, however, shows that these differences persist even after controlling for social variables.
Citat:
The Color of Crime - Race, Crime, and Justice in America - Second, Expanded Edition, 2005
The graph with the steepest trend line and highest correlation, Figure 14, compares violent crime rates to the percentage of the population that is black and Hispanic. The other graphs show that there are relationships between violent crime and other social factors, but the correlations are much weaker.
In fact, the percentage of the population that is black and Hispanic accounts for crime rates more than four times better than the next best measure: lack of education. Furthermore, even controlling for all three measures of social disadvantage hardly changes the correlation between racial mix and crime rates. The correlation between violent crime and the percentage of the population that is black and Hispanic is 0.78 even when poverty, education, and unemployment are controlled, versus 0.81 when they are not. In layman’s terms, the statistical results suggest that even if whites were just as disadvantaged as blacks and Hispanics the association between race and violent crime would still be almost as great. It may seem harsh to state it so plainly, but the single best indicator of an area’s violent crime rate is its racial/ethnic mix.
In fact, the percentage of the population that is black and Hispanic accounts for crime rates more than four times better than the next best measure: lack of education. Furthermore, even controlling for all three measures of social disadvantage hardly changes the correlation between racial mix and crime rates. The correlation between violent crime and the percentage of the population that is black and Hispanic is 0.78 even when poverty, education, and unemployment are controlled, versus 0.81 when they are not. In layman’s terms, the statistical results suggest that even if whites were just as disadvantaged as blacks and Hispanics the association between race and violent crime would still be almost as great. It may seem harsh to state it so plainly, but the single best indicator of an area’s violent crime rate is its racial/ethnic mix.
http://www.colorofcrime.com/colorofcrime2005.html
Den bästa indikatorn på våldsbrottslighet är inte socioekonomiska faktorer såsom fattigdom, utbildning eller arbetslöshet, inte ens sammantaget. Den enskilt bästa indikatorn är ett områdes etniska sammansättning.
