https://space.nss.org/the-colonization-of-space-gerard-k-o-neill-physics-today-1974/
"Meteoroid damage should not be a serious danger. Most meteoroids are of cometary rather than asteroidal origin and are dust conglomerates, possibly bound by frozen gases [ref 3]; a typical meteoroid is more like a snowball than like a rock.
Spacecraft sensors have collected abundant and consistent data on meteoroids in the range 10-6 to 1 gram, and the Apollo lunar seismic network is believed to have 100% detection efficiency for meteoroids [ref 4] above 10 kg: Data from these sources are consistent with a single distribution law.
The Prairie Network sky-camera data [ref 5], after substantial correction for assumed luminous efficiency, agree with data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for 10-gm meteoroids.
The spacecraft and seismic data indicate a mean interval of about one-million years for a strike by a heavy (one ton) meteoroid on a space community of cross section 1000 square kilometers. Even such a strike should produce only local damage if the structure is well designed.
For 100-gram meteoroids, the mean interval for a strike is about three years. From the combined viewpoints of frequency and of momentum carried, the size range from one to ten grams may need the most care in window design and repair methods.
For total breakage of one window panel, Daniel Villani at Princeton has calculated a leakdown time of about 300 years. Meteoroid-damage control is, then, a matter of sensing and of regular minor repair rather than of sudden emergencies."
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Fakkade formler, se länk.
"For the structure, steel cables are assumed to be formed into longerons (average thickness ΔrL) and circular bands (average thickness ΔrB).
The value of ΔrL required is
ΔrL = Rρo/2T
where R is the cylinder radius, ρo the atmospheric pressure and T the tension. For land density ρL and depth xL, and bands of density ρF, the total equivalent internal pressure pT is
pT = ρo + ρLxLg + ρFrBg + ρFrLg
To solve for pT we note that
ΔrB = pTR/T
so that
pT = (ρo + gρLxL + gρFR/T)/(1-gρFR/T)
For an average soil depth of 150 cm, with an average density of 1.5 gm per cc,
po = gρLxL = 1.23 x 105 newtons/m2
To arrive at a conservative value for T, we note that half a century ago, the working stress for suspension-bridge cables was 70,000 to 80,000 pounds per square inch [ref 1].
At that time, D. B. Steinman [ref 1] argued for the use of stresses over 100,000 psi. If we use 1920’s steels, hardened to bring the yield point to 90% of the ultimate strength, and work at 75% of the yield point, the working stress can be 152,000 psi. If we take T as 150,000 psi and R as 3200 meters, the averaged surface mass density is 7.5 tons per square meter."