Citat:
Ursprungligen postat av
falconlover
Tyngre droger såsom anfetamin etc.
Fann följande rörande rörande effekterna av amfetamin på hjärtat;
Citat:
Amphetamine may hasten ageing of the heart
Heart Asia Press Release: 10 February 2017
Recreational amphetamine use may hasten biological ageing of the heart
The use of recreational amphetamine, popularly known as ‘speed,’ ‘ice,’ and ‘ecstasy,’ may hasten the biological ageing of the heart, suggests research, published in the online journal Heart Asia.
The effects were seen in both men and women, and irrespective of other potential risk factors for heart disease and stroke, the findings indicate.
(...)
Prolonged stimulant use is reflected in premature ageing of the skin, and the researchers wanted to know if amphetamine use might also prematurely age the heart.
They therefore measured the flow of blood through the brachial artery in the upper arm and the radial artery in the forearm of 713 people in their 30s and 40s, attending a clinic for substance misuse between 2006 and 2011. They did this to assess the degree of arterial stiffening; arteries harden as the body ages.
They used a normal blood pressure cuff for the upper arm and a non-invasive monitoring system, called the SphygmoCor, for the forearm. SphygomoCor’s software calculates the biological vascular age of an individual by matching the extent of arterial stiffening with chronological age, sex, and height.
Each patient was asked about their drug use, and placed into one of four groups: non-smokers (483); smokers (107); amphetamine users (55); and methadone (heroin substitute) users (68).
Most (94%) of those in the amphetamine group had used within the previous week and nearly half had used just the day before, on the 66 occasions they were monitored with the SphygmoCor.
The results showed that of all four groups, the cardiovascular system of amphetamine users seemed to be ageing much faster than that of smokers and methadone users, both in terms of pure chronological age, and over time.
These findings held true even after taking account of other known cardiovascular risk factors, such as weight, cholesterol levels, and an indicator of inflammation, C reactive protein.
This suggests that the heart itself is ageing faster than expected, say the researchers, who point out that amphetamine use is often protracted, repeated, and long term.
https://www.bmj.com/company/newsroom/amphetamine-heart/
Samt följande rörande generellt narkotikabruk hos män;
Citat:
Life Expectancy and Productivity Loss Among Narcotics Addicts Thirty-Three Years After Index Treatment
(...)
Abstract
This study computed the life expectancy of a cohort of male narcotics addicts followed for 33 years and assessed the productivity lost as a result of premature mortality. The future life expectancy was constructed for the narcotics addicts and for a comparable cohort from the general U.S. population. The average future life expectancy of the cohort was 18.84 years compared to 33.48 years for comparable U.S. males (t = 49.49, p < .00001). As a result of this premature mortality, the estimated monetary value of lost productivity was greater than $174 million. The lives of heroin addicts were severely truncated at productive ages resulting in a loss of potential productivity that increases social and economic burdens.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/...edAccess=true&
Jag fann även följande graf över generella droger i samband med bland annat självskada:
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...7aaedf919ef7f0
