11.2 Air Compressibilityhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://lounaeestlane.ee/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/0_Final_Report_Research_Study_on_the_Sinking_Seque nce_of_MV_Estonia.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwigk8TG29T1AhU0SfE DHXgUC8AQFnoECAUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw115aWrOASXtiEbB2T3F7 L1
The air compressibility must be considered in scale model tests of foundering scenarios. In the foundering air is trapped. A number of tests were carried out where the model capsized, trapped air and remained floating upside down. The volume of this trapped air was measured, and a mean value was found to be around 40 litres. Also the pressure of the trapped air was measured. The scaling laws give for the present situation that about 20% of the trapped air should be evacuated to give a proper remaining amount of trapped
air in the model, see Project Report No. 12, Appendix 1. In this case around 8 litres could be let out in order to fulfil the scale laws. The two valves in the bottom of the model were calibrated giving a flow of 6.7 litres each per minute at the actual pressure. This means
that one valve could be held open a little more than 1minute during the test.
11.3 Flooding
In the foundering tests all watertight doors were open except the one aft of the engine control room. Each room in the model could be flooded through the different doors, staircases, lifts, emergency exits, ventilation systems etc. according to the full scale ship.
The most important ventilation shafts for the water ingress was the ones going down from the both sides of the ship just below deck 4 (first deck in the superstructure), inside car deck and down to tank deck. These shafts were scaled and they were also important for air evacuation. Flooding into Deck No 4, 5 and 6 could take place through two open large windows in the aft part on each deck.
11.4 Test Results
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In the final phase of the foundering, when the model had reach a heel angle of 150-160 degrees the aft valve was opened less then one minute to compensate for air
compressibility. The ship model sank with stern first and rested with the aft part of the superstructure on the bottom of the basin. The forward part of the ship model with the bulb was now still above the surface. In this position the forward valve was opened a few seconds and now also the bow sank. This means that the amount of air ejected from the model was in the order of 8 litres.
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