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Vitamin D for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 169 studies
Covid Analysis (Preprint) (meta analysis)
• Statistically significant improvements are seen in treatment studies for mortality, ventilation, ICU admission, and hospitalization.
31 studies from 28 independent teams in 13 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (23 for the most serious outcome).
• Random effects meta-analysis with pooled effects using the most serious outcome reported shows 81% [53‑92%] and 40% [32‑47%] improvement for early treatment and for all studies. Results are similar after restriction to 58 peer-reviewed studies: 77% [45‑90%] and 41% [33‑48%], and for the 38 mortality results: 76% [37‑91%] and 41% [28‑52%].
• Late stage treatment with calcifediol/calcitriol shows greater improvement compared to cholecalciferol: 73% [57‑83%] vs. 46% [26‑60%].
• Sufficiency studies show a strong association between vitamin D sufficiency and outcomes. Meta analysis of the 105 studies using the most serious outcome reported shows 56% [50‑61%] improvement.
• While many treatments have some level of efficacy, they do not replace vaccines and other measures to avoid infection. Only 11% of vitamin D treatment studies show zero events in the treatment arm.