Tänkvärt citat.
När man ser något som tycks finnas alltid och överallt bör man ställa frågan: vilken nytta gör detta fenomen?
Om vi tvärs igenom mänsklighetens historia finner att vi haft en stor ojämlikhet, att rika och fattiga, mäktiga och maktlösa är något som går tvärs igenom vår historia från dess första gryning, då måste vi vara beredda att fråga: vilken nytta gör denna ojämlikhet?
Om vi i tvåhundra år gjort revolutioner, skrikit på gatorna, röstat i båsen och mördat i stor skala till jämlikhetens ära, men detta ändå inte tycks ha minskat ojämlikheten i världen, måste vi då inte fråga oss: kan det vara något fel på jämlikhetstanken i sig? Och i så fall: varför?
Citat:
Ursprungligen postat av Blaavalen
Det finns imga belägg för att olika folkslags hjärnor skiljer sig rent formmässigt.
http://www.solargeneral.com/library/race-evolution-behavior.pdf
från sidan 24 och framåt.
Race Differences in Brain Size
Chart 7 shows that there are race differences in brain size. Orientals average 1 cubic inch more
brain matter than Whites, and Whites average a very large 5 cubic inches more than Blacks. Since one
cubic inch of brain matter contains millions of brain cells and hundreds of millions of connections, brain
size differences help to explain why the races differ in IQ.
Brain Weight at Autopsy
In the 19th century, the famous neurologist Paul Broca found that Orientals had larger and
heavier brains than did Whites, while
Whites had larger and heavier brains than did Blacks. Broca also
found that White brains had more surface folding than Black brains. (The more folded the surface of the
brain, the more brain cells it can contain.) White brains also had larger frontal lobes which are used in self
control and planning.
By the early 20th century, anatomists had reported brain weights at autopsy in journals such as
Science and the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. These early studies found the brain weights
of Japanese and Koreans were about the same as those of Europeans, even though the Orientals were
shorter in height and lighter in weight.
In 1906, Robert Bean reported on 150 brains of autopsied Blacks and Whites in the American
Journal of Anatomy. Brain weight varied with the amount of White ancestry from no White ancestry =
1,157 grams to half-White ancestry = 1,347 grams. He found the brains of Blacks were less folded than
those of Whites and had fewer fibers leading to the frontal lobes.
Many other studies followed. In 1934, Vint noted the results of an autopsy study of brain weights
from Black Africans in the Journal of Anatomy. He found that the brains of Africans were 10% lighter
than those of Whites. In the 1934 issue of Science, Raymond Pearl reviewed autopsy results from Black
and White soldiers who had died in the American Civil War (1861-1865).
He found the brains of Whites
weighed about 100 grams more than the brains of Blacks. And among Blacks, Pearl also found that brain
weight increased with the amount of White ancestry.
In a 1970 article in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Philip V. Tobias claimed
that all these early studies were wrong. He said they ignored factors like “sex, body size, age of death,
childhood nutrition, origin of sample, occupation, and cause of death.” However, when I myself averaged
all the data in Tobias’s review, I found it still showed that Orientals and Whites have heavier brains than
Blacks. Even Tobias finally had to agree that Orientals have “millions” more extra neurons than Whites
who have “millions” more than Blacks.
In 1980, Kenneth Ho’s team confirmed the Black-White differences. Their autopsy study was
published in the Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. It avoided the possible errors claimed
by Tobias. Original brain weight data for 1,261 American adults showed that Whites averaged 100 grams
more brain weight than did Blacks. Because the Blacks in the study were similar in body size to the
Whites, differences in body size do not explain away these race differences in brain size.