Citat:
Ursprungligen postat av
LBeria
Trumps utspel om tullar kan kanske ses som en känga mot EU:s ovilja att negligera kinesisk protektionism beträffande stålproduktionen.
Vid G20- mötet förra året ville ju Trump att man skulle vidta kraftiga åtgärder mot de omfattande kinesiska subventionerna av kinesiska stålverk, som då på icke tillåten väg konkurrerar ut övriga världens. EU var emot åtgärder. Nu ställer Trump et al EU mot väggen.
Slutet på historien blir förmodligen: Inga tullar mot Europa och samarbete mellan USA och EU mot Kinas protektionism.
Möjligt att nån annan redan tagit upp det, men upprepning skadar inte.
Det hela beror nog till stor del på, som du säger, att kinesiska staten i praktiken subventionerat inhemsk stålproduktion. Redan för flera år sedan klagade britterna högljutt på kinesernas skattesubventionerade närmast groteska överprduktion av stål. En överproduktion som är en direkt följd av kommunispartiets vilja att av nån mystisk och outgrundlig anledning bestämt vilja bevara det egna landets stålproduktionen intakt, en produktion som varit hotad sedan den egna efterfrågan minskat kraftigt. Här finns en lättfattlig artikel att läsa, tyvärr på engelska, men det funkar väl bra här i Sverige där alla kan flytande engelska -
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-36099043
Citat:
...
China's steel production
Year Output (million tonnes)
1990 66.4
2000 128.5
2010 638.7
2014 822.7
Source: World Steel Association
The drive behind that stellar increase has been China's double-digit economic growth over the past decades. That led to ever more domestic demand for steel and the government invested heavily in the industry during the boom years.
But that demand has been severely hit by the current slowdown, leaving China with more steel than it needs. It produced more than 822 million tonnes of steel in 2014 and is expected to produce even more this year, yet projected demand for its steel in 2016 is only 672 million tonnes.
Chinese steel is therefore sold on the international market at extremely low prices - critics say it's sold at a loss. As a consequence, other countries' steel plants find it increasingly hard to compete.
...
En del av skulden till det begynnande handelskriget kan nog sägas vara kommunisternas i Kina och alla de som helt skamlöst och utan varje betänklighet eller framförhållning - i skenet av mammons kortsiktiga härlighet - handlar med det beundrasvärt stabila landet i den Fjärran Östern.
Men för att hålla mig till trådens ämne, amerikansk inrikespolitik, är Trumps beslut nu i dagarna en direkt följd, eller sägs i alla fall vara det, av en rapport från Department of Commerce, där man funnit att den stora importen av stål och aluminium utgör ett hot mot USA:s nationella säkerhet. Rapportens resultat ger i sin tur Vita Huset rätten att vidta årgärder för att stärka den inhemska produktionen.
Stålrapportens resultat och rekommendationer.
Citat:
The United States is the world’s largest importer of steel. Our imports are nearly four times our exports.
Six basic oxygen furnaces and four electric furnaces have closed since 2000 and employment has dropped by 35% since 1998.
World steelmaking capacity is 2.4 billion metric tons, up 127% from 2000, while steel demand grew at a slower rate.
The recent global excess capacity is 700 million tons, almost 7 times the annual total of U.S. steel consumption. China is by far the largest producer and exporter of steel, and the largest source of excess steel capacity. Their excess capacity alone exceeds the total U.S. steel-making capacity.
On an average month, China produces nearly as much steel as the U.S. does in a year. For certain types of steel, such as for electrical transformers, only one U.S. producer remains.
As of February 15, 2018, the U.S. had 169 antidumping and countervailing duty orders in place on steel, of which 29 are against China, and there are 25 ongoing investigations.
Secretary Ross has recommended to the President that he consider the following alternative remedies to address the problem of steel imports:
A global tariff of at least 24% on all steel imports from all countries, or
A tariff of at least 53% on all steel imports from 12 countries (Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, India, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam) with a quota by product on steel imports from all other countries equal to 100% of their 2017 exports to the United States, or
A quota on all steel products from all countries equal to 63% of each country’s 2017 exports to the United States.
Each of these remedies is intended to increase domestic steel production from its present 73% of capacity to approximately an 80% operating rate, the minimum rate needed for the long-term viability of the industry. Each remedy applies measures to all countries and all steel products to prevent circumvention.
Aluminiumrapporterns resultat och rekommendationer.
Citat:
Aluminum imports have risen to 90% of total demand for primary aluminum, up from 66% in 2012.
From 2013 to 2016 aluminum industry employment fell by 58%, 6 smelters shut down, and only two of the remaining 5 smelters are operating at capacity, even though demand has grown considerably.
At today’s reduced military spending, military consumption of aluminum is a small percentage of total consumption and therefore is insufficient by itself to preserve the viability of the smelters. For example, there is only one remaining U.S. producer of the high-quality aluminum alloy needed for military aerospace.
Infrastructure, which is necessary for our economic security, is a major use of aluminum.
The Commerce Department has recently brought trade cases to try to address the dumping of aluminum. As of February 15, 2018, the U.S. had two antidumping and countervailing duty orders in place on aluminum, both against China, and there are four ongoing investigations against China.
Secretary Ross has recommended to President Trump three alternative remedies for dealing with the excessive imports of aluminum. These would cover both aluminum ingots and a wide variety of aluminum products.
A tariff of at least 7.7% on all aluminum exports from all countries, or
A tariff of 23.6% on all products from China, Hong Kong, Russia, Venezuela and Vietnam. All the other countries would be subject to quotas equal to 100% of their 2017 exports to the United States, or
A quota on all imports from all countries equal to a maximum of 86.7% of their 2017 exports to the United States.
Each of the three proposals is intended to raise production of aluminum from the present 48% average capacity to 80%, a level that would provide the industry with long-term viability. Each remedy applies measures to all countries and all steel products to prevent circumvention.
USA rättar till lite snedsitsar, skulle man kunna säga, Rejäla snedsistar enligt dem själva. Själv förstår jag mig inte på sånt som snedsitsar så jag vågar inte uttala mig om huruvida amerikanerna har rätt eller fel, men det kommer säkert mer efter det här, när det gäller andra och fler saker, andra saker än stål och aluminium. Man kan tycka vad man vill om detta, men nog ser amerikanerna till sitt eget bästa, och det har de väl rätt att göra, kan jag tycka, det vill säga här att stärka just den egna stål- och aluminiumindustrin.
För ytterligare lättfattlig läsning rekommenderas
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/01/589839297/trump-says-he-plans-to-impose-tariffs-on-steel-aluminum-imports. Finn säkert mer att läsa, nästan allt säkert mycket bättre än allt som pruduceras av svenska jounarlister och förståsigpåare och politiker.
