2008-08-17, 21:03
#1
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Reg: May 2008
Inlägg: 393
Hittade ett intressant dokument på engelska om den kroatiska fasciströrelsen Ustasja som verkade i Jugoslavien under Andra världskriget. Trevlig läsning!
Frågeställning: Vad tycker du om Ustasja och kampen de utförde?
För egen del så stöder jag vissa delar av deras kamp, tex. kampen för ett självständigt Kroatien fritt från Jugoslavien. Men andra delar, såsom den fruktansvärda masslakten av judar, serber och zigenare i det ökända koncentrationslägret Jasenovac kan jag aldrig ställa mig bakom.
Croat Nationalist Hero Ante Pavelic
During World War II a nationalist Croatian movement, known as the Ustashe, began as an interwar guerrilla organization. It then adopted fascist guidelines and aligned with German and Italian occupation forces. The Ustashe, which means "rebellion", performed acts of heroism in the defense of the homeland.
The history of the Ustashe dates back to the German occupation of Yugoslavia during the war. In response to the invasion, communist uprisings began throughout the nation. The leader of the revolt towards communism in Yugoslavia was Josip Broz Tito . While the revolts were going on, Germany was partitioning the country. The remaining part of Croatia together with Bosnia-Hercegovina was made into "the independent state of Croatia ," which was, in theory, a kingdom to be ruled by an Italian Prince, the Duke of Spoleto. The prince never took over his kingdom and instead the state was ruled by Ante Pavelic, leader of the Croatian Fascist movement - the Ustashe. Pavelic was supported by German and Italian arms. His reign of nationalism was made up of acts that were in the best interest of the native Croats. Jews, Serbs, and anyone else who refused to accept the new state were removed from the country. In September of 1944, the Yugoslavian communist leader Tito secretly went to Moscow and arranged for Soviet troops to enter his country. Part of the agreement that Tito requested was that as the Red Army passed through Yugoslavia , they should crush remaining Germans and the Ustashe forces. Ustashe leaders immediately fled to Austria . Between 1945 and 1948, the government began to punish wartime criminals. British forces in Austria captured Ustashe members, returning them to Yugoslavia where they were executed for acts of nationalistic protection.
[Pavelic was the founder of the Ustaša (Insurrection) movement. Founded in 1926 in Italy , where Pavelic was in exile, the Ustaša movement had the support of Mussolini's government and the Horthy government in Budapest . Its goal was Croatian independence and its members were more than willing to use street action to acco,plish its goals, often in concert with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).
The Enemies of the Croat Liberation Movement
1. The Serbian Government
To estimate the difficulties of the Croat liberation struggle, we must look more closely at the question of its enemies. Here stands in the first place the Serbian government, which, with all the means at its disposal, exerting all its powers, strives to destroy the Croat movement. . . .
2. International Freemasonry
The role played by freemasonry in Yugoslavia is little understood abroad. But a closer examination of this question shows that all state power is in the hands of freemasons. During the World War, freemasonry contrived the establishment of Yugoslavia . For this purpose, during the war, it organized and supported abroad the "Yugoslav Committee", which constituted the embryo of Yugoslavia . . . . As its own creation, international freemasonry has the Yugoslav state well in hand. From the foundation of the state to this day, all personalities occupying any important political position or any administrative position of importance have been lodge members. The highest patron of the Yugoslav freemasonry is the Karadjordjevic dynasty, and the king is also, as a rule, the grand master of the Yugoslav lodges. . . . It goes without saying that both the Yugoslav and international freemasonry has outlawed and excommunicated the Croat liberation movement. It tries to ruin any Croat in the country who is suspected of taking any part, however small, in the independence movement. Freemasonry does not attack any of the Croat party politicians who demand Croat autonomy on the basis of democracy in the framework of a Yugoslav state, because these are in part themselves connected with Jewry and freemasonry. It acts exclusively against our independence movement, which is neither masonic nor democratic, but which fights for the full liberation of Croatia and for an internal order built on sound nationalistic principles. . . .
3. The Jews
Today, practically all finance and nearly all commerce in Croatia is in Jewish hands. This became possible only through the support of the state, which thereby seeks, on one hand, to strengthen the pro-Serbian Jews, and on the other, to weaken Croat national strength. The Jews also celebrated the establishment of the so-called Yugoslav state with great joy, because a national Croatia could never be as useful to them as a multi-national Yugoslavia; for in national chaos lies the power of the Jews. . . . In fact, as the Jews had foreseen, Yugoslavia became, in consequence of the corruption of official life in Serbia , a true Eldorado of Jewry. The latter shows its gratitude for the patronage of Belgrade by using its capital, squeezed out of the Croat people, against the Croat freedom struggle. . . . The entire press in Croatia is also in Jewish-masonic hands, because after the establishment of the military dictatorship in 1929, the Croat press was prohibited and destroyed. This press serves primarily to combat the Croat independence movement directly or indirectly, and also to misrepresent abroad the popular feeling in Croatia . . . .
4. Communism
Communism has not been able to penetrate wider layers of Croat society. Nevertheless, the Belgrade government has sent a large number of communist-infected Serbian students to attend the Croat university in Zagreb at the cost of the state. Together with the Jews, these students spread communist propaganda in Croatia , demonstrate at every opportunity and try to falsify before the outside world the true position of the Croat nationalist student body. . . .
Furthermore, the Comintern has adopted the fully justified standpoint that bolshevik aims will be far more easily achieved in an unconsolidated and corrupt Yugoslavia, disrupted by Serb-Croat struggle, than in a nationally homogeneous Croat state, whose national solidarity, sound peasantry, strong Central European cultural tradition, and historical mission as the bulwark of the West against the Orient would also make it a barrier against bolshevism. Therefore the Communists work for the survival of the Yugoslav state, and attack our independence movement with unexampled hatred. . . .
Principles of the Ustaša Movement (1941)
1. The Croat nation is an independent ethnic entity. It is a nation in itself, and, in respect of nationality, is not identical with any other nation, nor is it a tribe or branch of another nation. . . .
9. The Croat nation, taken as a whole, has a right to happiness and prosperity, and every Croat has the same right as a member of this whole. This happiness and prosperity can be achieved, either by the nation as a whole or by the individual as a member of this whole, only in a fully self-governing and independent Croat state, and therefore no part of it can ever become, in any form, a component of another state.
10. In consequence of its sovereign right, the Croat nation must alone rule in its state and alone decide all state matters and national concerns.
11. No one not of Croat race and Croat blood may participate in Croat state and national leadership. Similarly, no foreign state or foreign nation may decide the fate of the Croat nation and Croat state.
12. The peasantry is the foundation and source of all life, and as such is the chief vehicle of all state authority in the Croat state. However, all other classes in Croatia are part of the national whole, because the other classes of the Croat nation whose members are of Croat blood have not only their roots and ancestry but also an unbroken family relationship with the village. Whoever, in Croatia , is not of peasant descent is, in nine out of ten cases, not of Croat origin or blood but an immigrant foreigner.
13. All material and spiritual wealth in the Croat State is the property of the nation and the latter alone is empowered to dispose of them and to exploit them. The natural resources of the Croat fatherland, and especially its forests and mines, cannot be the object of private trade. The land can only belong to him who cultivates it himself or with his family, that is, to the peasant. . .
15. The exercise of all official functions is bound with personal responsibility. Anyone who conducts any business in the name of the state or the nation must answer for his actions with his life and his property. Duty and responsibility before society must also be the guiding principle of every action in the private life of every member of the Croat nation.
16. The moral strength of the Croat nation consists in an orderly family life in accordance with religious principles; its economic strength lies in agriculture, in its social collective life, and in the natural wealth of the Croat land; its military strength lies in its organizational and soldierly qualities. . .
Industry, trade and commerce must cooperate for the benefit of the whole national economy. These branches must become a field for honest and honorable work and a source of appropriately dignified life for the worker, but never a means for accumulating national wealth in the hands of the capitalists. . . .
During World War II a nationalist Croatian movement, known as the Ustashe, began as an interwar guerrilla organization. It then adopted fascist guidelines and aligned with German and Italian occupation forces. The Ustashe, which means "rebellion", performed acts of heroism in the defense of the homeland.
The history of the Ustashe dates back to the German occupation of Yugoslavia during the war. In response to the invasion, communist uprisings began throughout the nation. The leader of the revolt towards communism in Yugoslavia was Josip Broz Tito . While the revolts were going on, Germany was partitioning the country. The remaining part of Croatia together with Bosnia-Hercegovina was made into "the independent state of Croatia ," which was, in theory, a kingdom to be ruled by an Italian Prince, the Duke of Spoleto. The prince never took over his kingdom and instead the state was ruled by Ante Pavelic, leader of the Croatian Fascist movement - the Ustashe. Pavelic was supported by German and Italian arms. His reign of nationalism was made up of acts that were in the best interest of the native Croats. Jews, Serbs, and anyone else who refused to accept the new state were removed from the country. In September of 1944, the Yugoslavian communist leader Tito secretly went to Moscow and arranged for Soviet troops to enter his country. Part of the agreement that Tito requested was that as the Red Army passed through Yugoslavia , they should crush remaining Germans and the Ustashe forces. Ustashe leaders immediately fled to Austria . Between 1945 and 1948, the government began to punish wartime criminals. British forces in Austria captured Ustashe members, returning them to Yugoslavia where they were executed for acts of nationalistic protection.
[Pavelic was the founder of the Ustaša (Insurrection) movement. Founded in 1926 in Italy , where Pavelic was in exile, the Ustaša movement had the support of Mussolini's government and the Horthy government in Budapest . Its goal was Croatian independence and its members were more than willing to use street action to acco,plish its goals, often in concert with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO).
The Enemies of the Croat Liberation Movement
1. The Serbian Government
To estimate the difficulties of the Croat liberation struggle, we must look more closely at the question of its enemies. Here stands in the first place the Serbian government, which, with all the means at its disposal, exerting all its powers, strives to destroy the Croat movement. . . .
2. International Freemasonry
The role played by freemasonry in Yugoslavia is little understood abroad. But a closer examination of this question shows that all state power is in the hands of freemasons. During the World War, freemasonry contrived the establishment of Yugoslavia . For this purpose, during the war, it organized and supported abroad the "Yugoslav Committee", which constituted the embryo of Yugoslavia . . . . As its own creation, international freemasonry has the Yugoslav state well in hand. From the foundation of the state to this day, all personalities occupying any important political position or any administrative position of importance have been lodge members. The highest patron of the Yugoslav freemasonry is the Karadjordjevic dynasty, and the king is also, as a rule, the grand master of the Yugoslav lodges. . . . It goes without saying that both the Yugoslav and international freemasonry has outlawed and excommunicated the Croat liberation movement. It tries to ruin any Croat in the country who is suspected of taking any part, however small, in the independence movement. Freemasonry does not attack any of the Croat party politicians who demand Croat autonomy on the basis of democracy in the framework of a Yugoslav state, because these are in part themselves connected with Jewry and freemasonry. It acts exclusively against our independence movement, which is neither masonic nor democratic, but which fights for the full liberation of Croatia and for an internal order built on sound nationalistic principles. . . .
3. The Jews
Today, practically all finance and nearly all commerce in Croatia is in Jewish hands. This became possible only through the support of the state, which thereby seeks, on one hand, to strengthen the pro-Serbian Jews, and on the other, to weaken Croat national strength. The Jews also celebrated the establishment of the so-called Yugoslav state with great joy, because a national Croatia could never be as useful to them as a multi-national Yugoslavia; for in national chaos lies the power of the Jews. . . . In fact, as the Jews had foreseen, Yugoslavia became, in consequence of the corruption of official life in Serbia , a true Eldorado of Jewry. The latter shows its gratitude for the patronage of Belgrade by using its capital, squeezed out of the Croat people, against the Croat freedom struggle. . . . The entire press in Croatia is also in Jewish-masonic hands, because after the establishment of the military dictatorship in 1929, the Croat press was prohibited and destroyed. This press serves primarily to combat the Croat independence movement directly or indirectly, and also to misrepresent abroad the popular feeling in Croatia . . . .
4. Communism
Communism has not been able to penetrate wider layers of Croat society. Nevertheless, the Belgrade government has sent a large number of communist-infected Serbian students to attend the Croat university in Zagreb at the cost of the state. Together with the Jews, these students spread communist propaganda in Croatia , demonstrate at every opportunity and try to falsify before the outside world the true position of the Croat nationalist student body. . . .
Furthermore, the Comintern has adopted the fully justified standpoint that bolshevik aims will be far more easily achieved in an unconsolidated and corrupt Yugoslavia, disrupted by Serb-Croat struggle, than in a nationally homogeneous Croat state, whose national solidarity, sound peasantry, strong Central European cultural tradition, and historical mission as the bulwark of the West against the Orient would also make it a barrier against bolshevism. Therefore the Communists work for the survival of the Yugoslav state, and attack our independence movement with unexampled hatred. . . .
Principles of the Ustaša Movement (1941)
1. The Croat nation is an independent ethnic entity. It is a nation in itself, and, in respect of nationality, is not identical with any other nation, nor is it a tribe or branch of another nation. . . .
9. The Croat nation, taken as a whole, has a right to happiness and prosperity, and every Croat has the same right as a member of this whole. This happiness and prosperity can be achieved, either by the nation as a whole or by the individual as a member of this whole, only in a fully self-governing and independent Croat state, and therefore no part of it can ever become, in any form, a component of another state.
10. In consequence of its sovereign right, the Croat nation must alone rule in its state and alone decide all state matters and national concerns.
11. No one not of Croat race and Croat blood may participate in Croat state and national leadership. Similarly, no foreign state or foreign nation may decide the fate of the Croat nation and Croat state.
12. The peasantry is the foundation and source of all life, and as such is the chief vehicle of all state authority in the Croat state. However, all other classes in Croatia are part of the national whole, because the other classes of the Croat nation whose members are of Croat blood have not only their roots and ancestry but also an unbroken family relationship with the village. Whoever, in Croatia , is not of peasant descent is, in nine out of ten cases, not of Croat origin or blood but an immigrant foreigner.
13. All material and spiritual wealth in the Croat State is the property of the nation and the latter alone is empowered to dispose of them and to exploit them. The natural resources of the Croat fatherland, and especially its forests and mines, cannot be the object of private trade. The land can only belong to him who cultivates it himself or with his family, that is, to the peasant. . .
15. The exercise of all official functions is bound with personal responsibility. Anyone who conducts any business in the name of the state or the nation must answer for his actions with his life and his property. Duty and responsibility before society must also be the guiding principle of every action in the private life of every member of the Croat nation.
16. The moral strength of the Croat nation consists in an orderly family life in accordance with religious principles; its economic strength lies in agriculture, in its social collective life, and in the natural wealth of the Croat land; its military strength lies in its organizational and soldierly qualities. . .
Industry, trade and commerce must cooperate for the benefit of the whole national economy. These branches must become a field for honest and honorable work and a source of appropriately dignified life for the worker, but never a means for accumulating national wealth in the hands of the capitalists. . . .
Frågeställning: Vad tycker du om Ustasja och kampen de utförde?
För egen del så stöder jag vissa delar av deras kamp, tex. kampen för ett självständigt Kroatien fritt från Jugoslavien. Men andra delar, såsom den fruktansvärda masslakten av judar, serber och zigenare i det ökända koncentrationslägret Jasenovac kan jag aldrig ställa mig bakom.
