Det låter som en knepig uppgift för samhället att bli automatiserat.
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Workers who can work with machines are more productive than those without them; this reduces both the costs and prices of goods and services, and makes consumers feel richer. As a result, consumers spend more, which leads to the creation of new jobs.
More broadly, workers who can complement the new automation, and perform tasks beyond the abilities of machines, often enjoy rising compensation. However, workers performing similar tasks, for whom the machines can substitute, are left worse off. In general, automation also shifts compensation from workers to business owners, who enjoy higher profits with less need for labor.
Indeed, the new automation will eliminate millions of jobs for vehicle drivers and retail workers, as well as those for health care workers, lawyers, accountants, finance specialists, and many other professionals.
AI will increase the challenges many workers will face from automation, while still contributing to higher standards of living due to higher worker productivity. At the same time, we will need a much more robust set of policy responses to make sure that workers can adapt, so that the benefits of automation are broadly shared.
Our most important challenge is to improve the breadth and quality of education and training. To become complementary to AI, more workers will need what researchers call 21st century skills. These include communication, complex analytical skills that often require careful judgements of multiple factors, and creativity
We need to provide high-quality training in high-demand sectors of the economy, such as health care, advanced manufacturing, and retail logistics, that improves the earnings of less-educated or displaced workers.
policymakers should consider subsidizing employers who retrain workers while taxing those who permanently lay them off in response to automation.
We must also address two other problems. First, if employers tend to replace many workers and not retrain them, we must make sure that such workers can gain “good jobs” to replace those lost
Second, workers might need an enhanced set of supplements to “make work pay,” such as more generous earned income tax credits, better child care and paid leave, and wage insurance that replaces some part of lost wages for the displaced. These will encourage workers to accept new jobs, though some might pay less than the ones they lose.
AI and automation will thus create many new challenges for workers, perhaps greater in scope than those created by past automation.
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-fr...f%20new%20jobs.
