Vinnaren i pepparkakshustävlingen!
Men det nya Rom fanns i Konstantinopel i medeltiden.
Snacka om att Europeer idag slickar arabiskt/muslimskt arsle och glömmer alla insatser östrom gjorde för att Europa skulle komma ut ur medeltiden bla Konstantinopels murar som skyddade Europa mot invasioner från bla både perser och araber effektivt speciellt i den kritiska mörka medeltiden mellan år 400-1000.
Algebra fanns i Grekland innan islam ens uppstod. Och precis som det står i artikeln var Al-Khwarizmi persier och inte arab.
Sjukhus fanns också långt innan islam:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hospitals
Glasögon uppfanns i Italien, ej i arabvärlden.
Moderna gitarren uppfanns inte av muslimer. Inte heller instrumentet oud som nämns som en förlaga till moderna gitarren uppfanns av muslimer eller araber då det instrumentets historia går bak till Mesopotamien.
Dom äldsta tandborstarna kommer från Mesopotamien och Egypten, inte från arabvärlden. Flera tusen år innan Muhammed levde.
Och när det gäller kaffe så erkänner artikeln att ursprunget är Etiopien, ej den muslimska världen.
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I princip alla större grekiska verk fanns i Västeuropa under romarriket. Av någon anledning verkar de ha värderats högre österut.
Citat:
Jaha, den arabiska eliten?
Det gjorde inte den arabiska lokalbefolkning heller. Det var eliter som sysslade med översättande och arkivering.
Citat:
Kyrkan hade en rätt sval syn på grekisk filosofi (det fanns ingen distinktion mellan vetenskap och filosofi vid den här tidpunkten) i allmänhet. Du vill i princip med detta hävda att personer Thomas av Aquino, som hämtade mycket från Ibn Rushd, inte bidragit med någonting till Västeuropa, trots att det just är personer Thomas av Aquino som berett vägen för ett mer pragmatiskt förhållande mellan vetenskap och religion.
Det tror inte jag heller men det var ju inte pga hans vetenskapliga studier som kyrkan ogillade honom. Utan det var ju för att började filosofera om Aristoteles texter. Nytolkningar av gamla filosofiska idéer är inte bevarade av vetenskap/kunskap.
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Men det nya Rom fanns i Konstantinopel i medeltiden.
Snacka om att Europeer idag slickar arabiskt/muslimskt arsle och glömmer alla insatser östrom gjorde för att Europa skulle komma ut ur medeltiden bla Konstantinopels murar som skyddade Europa mot invasioner från bla både perser och araber effektivt speciellt i den kritiska mörka medeltiden mellan år 400-1000.
__________________
Senast redigerad av Clock10 2017-05-16 kl. 17:32.
Senast redigerad av Clock10 2017-05-16 kl. 17:32.
Notera detta: When Muslims or Islamists brags about “Islamic Golden Age” they only name some Muslim-born scientists/philosophers; but they completely forget to name any non-Muslim luminaries of medieval period. The following are a few to name amongst the non-muslim scientists and philosophers such as: Al-Battani (Albategnius, 853–929) –who belonged to the star-worshipping Sabian sect of Northern Mesopotamia (He was not, however, a believer in the Sabian religion and his name indicates that his family was Muslim), alchemist Stephanus of Alexandria (d. 641 CE), Christian monk of Syria named Morieus Romanus, Ibn Butlan (d. 1066) and Ibn al-Tilmidh (d. 1165) of Baghdad; Gregory Bar Hebraeus(d. 1286) (aka Abu'l-Faraj), and Ibn Ali Isa (d. 1290).
According to the American Thinker, Dr. Jonathan David Carson, "The 'Islamic scholars' who translated 'ancient Greece's natural philosophy' were a curious group of Muslims, since all or almost all of the translators from Greek to Arabic were Christians or Jews."
Källa: http://atheistuniverse.net/profiles/...really-islamic
According to the American Thinker, Dr. Jonathan David Carson, "The 'Islamic scholars' who translated 'ancient Greece's natural philosophy' were a curious group of Muslims, since all or almost all of the translators from Greek to Arabic were Christians or Jews."
Källa: http://atheistuniverse.net/profiles/...really-islamic
Citat:
jag kan inte den där Thomas livshistoria men något säger mig att han började fundera långt innan han läste något av Ibn Rushd. Thomas hade nog listat ut sina idéer utan stöd av Rushd. Förminskar inte muslimen men när upptäckter inom alla områden kommer fram överallt på planeten helt utan kontakt med varandra så har jag svårt att tro att filosofi skulle vara ett undantag.
Kyrkan hade en rätt sval syn på grekisk filosofi (det fanns ingen distinktion mellan vetenskap och filosofi vid den här tidpunkten) i allmänhet. Du vill i princip med detta hävda att personer Thomas av Aquino, som hämtade mycket från Ibn Rushd, inte bidragit med någonting till Västeuropa, trots att det just är personer Thomas av Aquino som berett vägen för ett mer pragmatiskt förhållande mellan vetenskap och religion.
Av flera skäl är arabländernas bidrag blygsamma. De har mestadels varit randstater genom historien, och utan den rätt osannolika händelsekedjan där Muhammed & Co erövrade enorma områden på ett par generationer hade de varit ännu mera undanskuffade. Man kan jämföra dem med mongolerna, som svepte fram i ett par hundra år innan de sjönk tillbaka till Mongoliets seminomadiska avkrok. Araberna lämnade dock ett större kulturellt avtryck.
Pratar vi om den muslimska världen som helhet är listan på innovationer inte heller jättelång, av flera skäl. Kulturellt var man mycket framstående i perioder, men från renässansen och framåt blev man kraftigt frånåkta av Väst där de vetenskapliga och industriella revolutionerna utgjorde en tvåstegsraket som skickade Europa upp i stratosfären. Den muslimska världen däremot förblev av olika skäl halvfeodal, en svaghet de förvisso delade med större delen av världen.
De konkreta muslimska bidragen består mest av förmedling av antika, kinesiska och indiska kunskaper och innovationer. Har även för mig att man kan skriva papperstillverkning och papperspengar (ordet check kommer från ett arabiskt ord) på deras konto, två nog så betydelsefulla uppfinningar som hade stor betydelse för Europa.
Pratar vi om den muslimska världen som helhet är listan på innovationer inte heller jättelång, av flera skäl. Kulturellt var man mycket framstående i perioder, men från renässansen och framåt blev man kraftigt frånåkta av Väst där de vetenskapliga och industriella revolutionerna utgjorde en tvåstegsraket som skickade Europa upp i stratosfären. Den muslimska världen däremot förblev av olika skäl halvfeodal, en svaghet de förvisso delade med större delen av världen.
De konkreta muslimska bidragen består mest av förmedling av antika, kinesiska och indiska kunskaper och innovationer. Har även för mig att man kan skriva papperstillverkning och papperspengar (ordet check kommer från ett arabiskt ord) på deras konto, två nog så betydelsefulla uppfinningar som hade stor betydelse för Europa.
Låt oss skippa lite skämten om bomber, turbaner och skit, och istället se på faktan som trådskaparen har efterfrågat ...
1. Algebra
Many Westerners, Germans in particular, are proud of their feats of technology and engineering. But where would engineers be without algebra?
The mathematical system became known in Europe in the twelfth century, when British Arabist Robert of Chester translated the writings of Persian scholar Al-Khwarizmi. Al-Khwarizmi, for whom algorithms are named, is known as the developer of modern algebra.
2. The toothbrush
Islam was the one of the first world religions to place particular emphasis on bodily hygiene. The Qur’an includes instructions for ritual washing. It is no wonder, therefore, that dental hygiene also grew in popularity as Islam did. Admittedly, the ancient Egyptians are thought to have chewed on twigs from the “toothbrush tree.”
However, the twigs, also known as “miswak”, only became known to a wider public when the Prophet Mohammed regularly used them to brush his teeth. While there is no mention of miswak twigs in the Qur’an, they are mentioned many times in writings by Muslim scholars.
3. Marching bands
Military marching bands date back to the Ottoman Mehterhane. These were bands which played during the entire battle and only ceased their music-making when the army retreated or the battle was over.
During the wars with the Ottoman Empire, the bands are thought to have made a considerable impression on European soldiers – after which they adapted the principle for their own use.
4. The guitar
The guitar, as we know it today, has its origins in the Arabic oud – a lute with a bent neck. During the Middle Ages, it found its way to Muslim Spain, where it was referred to as “qitara” in the Arabic of Andalusia.
It is said that a music teacher brought one to the court of the Umayyad ruler Abdel Rahman II in the ninth century. The modern guitar developed as a result of many influences, but the Arabic lute was an important predecessor.
5. Magnifying glass/glasses
Not only did the Arab world revolutionize mathematics – it also revolutionized optics. The scholar Alhazen (Abu al-Hasan) from Basra was the first person to describe how the eye works.
He carried out experiments with reflective materials and proved that the eye does not sense the environment with “sight rays,” as scientists had believed up until then. He also discovered that curved glass surfaces can be used for magnification.
His glass “reading stones” were the first magnifying glasses. It was from these that glasses were later developed. Furthermore, Alhazen wrote important scholarly texts on astronomy and meteorology.
6. Coffee
Coffee is the best known of the Muslim world’s exports. While it originated in Ethiopia, it soon found its way over the Red Sea to the Arabian peninsula, where it grew in popularity.
It is thought that an Ottoman merchant brought the bean-based beverage to London in the 17th century. Venice gained its first coffee house in 1645, while Germany got to know the drink following the retreat of the Turks from Austria in 1683. Legend has it that the Sultan’s soldiers left sackloads of coffee behind.
7. Hospitals
The first modern hospital with nurses and a training centre was in Cairo. In the Ahmed Ibn Tulun hospital (named for the founder of the Tulunid dynasty), which was established in the year 872, all patients received free health care – a Muslim tradition which was institutionalized with the advent of the hospital.
Slightly more basic hospitals had existed prior to this in Baghdad. But it was the Cairo model which would later serve as the template for hospitals all around the globe.
8. Surgical Innovations
The Andalusian-born doctor Albucasis (Abu al-Kasim) was one of the most significant medical figures of the Middle Ages. In the more than 30 volumes he wrote, the tenth-century Arab scholar described how important a positive patient-doctor relationship is, and argued for the same standard of medical care for all, regardless of social class.
He also invented methods for surgically treating diseases of the urethra, the ear and the esophagus, and was the first person to describe an ectopic pregnancy. So great was his influence that he was still being quoted by leading European physicians in the 16th century. His ideas shaped modern surgery.
Referens: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/0...n_6424836.html
1. Algebra
Many Westerners, Germans in particular, are proud of their feats of technology and engineering. But where would engineers be without algebra?
The mathematical system became known in Europe in the twelfth century, when British Arabist Robert of Chester translated the writings of Persian scholar Al-Khwarizmi. Al-Khwarizmi, for whom algorithms are named, is known as the developer of modern algebra.
2. The toothbrush
Islam was the one of the first world religions to place particular emphasis on bodily hygiene. The Qur’an includes instructions for ritual washing. It is no wonder, therefore, that dental hygiene also grew in popularity as Islam did. Admittedly, the ancient Egyptians are thought to have chewed on twigs from the “toothbrush tree.”
However, the twigs, also known as “miswak”, only became known to a wider public when the Prophet Mohammed regularly used them to brush his teeth. While there is no mention of miswak twigs in the Qur’an, they are mentioned many times in writings by Muslim scholars.
3. Marching bands
Military marching bands date back to the Ottoman Mehterhane. These were bands which played during the entire battle and only ceased their music-making when the army retreated or the battle was over.
During the wars with the Ottoman Empire, the bands are thought to have made a considerable impression on European soldiers – after which they adapted the principle for their own use.
4. The guitar
The guitar, as we know it today, has its origins in the Arabic oud – a lute with a bent neck. During the Middle Ages, it found its way to Muslim Spain, where it was referred to as “qitara” in the Arabic of Andalusia.
It is said that a music teacher brought one to the court of the Umayyad ruler Abdel Rahman II in the ninth century. The modern guitar developed as a result of many influences, but the Arabic lute was an important predecessor.
5. Magnifying glass/glasses
Not only did the Arab world revolutionize mathematics – it also revolutionized optics. The scholar Alhazen (Abu al-Hasan) from Basra was the first person to describe how the eye works.
He carried out experiments with reflective materials and proved that the eye does not sense the environment with “sight rays,” as scientists had believed up until then. He also discovered that curved glass surfaces can be used for magnification.
His glass “reading stones” were the first magnifying glasses. It was from these that glasses were later developed. Furthermore, Alhazen wrote important scholarly texts on astronomy and meteorology.
6. Coffee
Coffee is the best known of the Muslim world’s exports. While it originated in Ethiopia, it soon found its way over the Red Sea to the Arabian peninsula, where it grew in popularity.
It is thought that an Ottoman merchant brought the bean-based beverage to London in the 17th century. Venice gained its first coffee house in 1645, while Germany got to know the drink following the retreat of the Turks from Austria in 1683. Legend has it that the Sultan’s soldiers left sackloads of coffee behind.
7. Hospitals
The first modern hospital with nurses and a training centre was in Cairo. In the Ahmed Ibn Tulun hospital (named for the founder of the Tulunid dynasty), which was established in the year 872, all patients received free health care – a Muslim tradition which was institutionalized with the advent of the hospital.
Slightly more basic hospitals had existed prior to this in Baghdad. But it was the Cairo model which would later serve as the template for hospitals all around the globe.
8. Surgical Innovations
The Andalusian-born doctor Albucasis (Abu al-Kasim) was one of the most significant medical figures of the Middle Ages. In the more than 30 volumes he wrote, the tenth-century Arab scholar described how important a positive patient-doctor relationship is, and argued for the same standard of medical care for all, regardless of social class.
He also invented methods for surgically treating diseases of the urethra, the ear and the esophagus, and was the first person to describe an ectopic pregnancy. So great was his influence that he was still being quoted by leading European physicians in the 16th century. His ideas shaped modern surgery.
Referens: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/0...n_6424836.html
Citat:
Låt oss skippa lite skämten om bomber, turbaner och skit, och istället se på faktan som trådskaparen har efterfrågat ...
1. Algebra
Many Westerners, Germans in particular, are proud of their feats of technology and engineering. But where would engineers be without algebra?
The mathematical system became known in Europe in the twelfth century, when British Arabist Robert of Chester translated the writings of Persian scholar Al-Khwarizmi. Al-Khwarizmi, for whom algorithms are named, is known as the developer of modern algebra.
2. The toothbrush
Islam was the one of the first world religions to place particular emphasis on bodily hygiene. The Qur’an includes instructions for ritual washing. It is no wonder, therefore, that dental hygiene also grew in popularity as Islam did. Admittedly, the ancient Egyptians are thought to have chewed on twigs from the “toothbrush tree.”
However, the twigs, also known as “miswak”, only became known to a wider public when the Prophet Mohammed regularly used them to brush his teeth. While there is no mention of miswak twigs in the Qur’an, they are mentioned many times in writings by Muslim scholars.
3. Marching bands
Military marching bands date back to the Ottoman Mehterhane. These were bands which played during the entire battle and only ceased their music-making when the army retreated or the battle was over.
During the wars with the Ottoman Empire, the bands are thought to have made a considerable impression on European soldiers – after which they adapted the principle for their own use.
4. The guitar
The guitar, as we know it today, has its origins in the Arabic oud – a lute with a bent neck. During the Middle Ages, it found its way to Muslim Spain, where it was referred to as “qitara” in the Arabic of Andalusia.
It is said that a music teacher brought one to the court of the Umayyad ruler Abdel Rahman II in the ninth century. The modern guitar developed as a result of many influences, but the Arabic lute was an important predecessor.
5. Magnifying glass/glasses
Not only did the Arab world revolutionize mathematics – it also revolutionized optics. The scholar Alhazen (Abu al-Hasan) from Basra was the first person to describe how the eye works.
He carried out experiments with reflective materials and proved that the eye does not sense the environment with “sight rays,” as scientists had believed up until then. He also discovered that curved glass surfaces can be used for magnification.
His glass “reading stones” were the first magnifying glasses. It was from these that glasses were later developed. Furthermore, Alhazen wrote important scholarly texts on astronomy and meteorology.
6. Coffee
Coffee is the best known of the Muslim world’s exports. While it originated in Ethiopia, it soon found its way over the Red Sea to the Arabian peninsula, where it grew in popularity.
It is thought that an Ottoman merchant brought the bean-based beverage to London in the 17th century. Venice gained its first coffee house in 1645, while Germany got to know the drink following the retreat of the Turks from Austria in 1683. Legend has it that the Sultan’s soldiers left sackloads of coffee behind.
7. Hospitals
The first modern hospital with nurses and a training centre was in Cairo. In the Ahmed Ibn Tulun hospital (named for the founder of the Tulunid dynasty), which was established in the year 872, all patients received free health care – a Muslim tradition which was institutionalized with the advent of the hospital.
Slightly more basic hospitals had existed prior to this in Baghdad. But it was the Cairo model which would later serve as the template for hospitals all around the globe.
8. Surgical Innovations
The Andalusian-born doctor Albucasis (Abu al-Kasim) was one of the most significant medical figures of the Middle Ages. In the more than 30 volumes he wrote, the tenth-century Arab scholar described how important a positive patient-doctor relationship is, and argued for the same standard of medical care for all, regardless of social class.
He also invented methods for surgically treating diseases of the urethra, the ear and the esophagus, and was the first person to describe an ectopic pregnancy. So great was his influence that he was still being quoted by leading European physicians in the 16th century. His ideas shaped modern surgery.
Referens: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/0...n_6424836.html
1. Algebra
Many Westerners, Germans in particular, are proud of their feats of technology and engineering. But where would engineers be without algebra?
The mathematical system became known in Europe in the twelfth century, when British Arabist Robert of Chester translated the writings of Persian scholar Al-Khwarizmi. Al-Khwarizmi, for whom algorithms are named, is known as the developer of modern algebra.
2. The toothbrush
Islam was the one of the first world religions to place particular emphasis on bodily hygiene. The Qur’an includes instructions for ritual washing. It is no wonder, therefore, that dental hygiene also grew in popularity as Islam did. Admittedly, the ancient Egyptians are thought to have chewed on twigs from the “toothbrush tree.”
However, the twigs, also known as “miswak”, only became known to a wider public when the Prophet Mohammed regularly used them to brush his teeth. While there is no mention of miswak twigs in the Qur’an, they are mentioned many times in writings by Muslim scholars.
3. Marching bands
Military marching bands date back to the Ottoman Mehterhane. These were bands which played during the entire battle and only ceased their music-making when the army retreated or the battle was over.
During the wars with the Ottoman Empire, the bands are thought to have made a considerable impression on European soldiers – after which they adapted the principle for their own use.
4. The guitar
The guitar, as we know it today, has its origins in the Arabic oud – a lute with a bent neck. During the Middle Ages, it found its way to Muslim Spain, where it was referred to as “qitara” in the Arabic of Andalusia.
It is said that a music teacher brought one to the court of the Umayyad ruler Abdel Rahman II in the ninth century. The modern guitar developed as a result of many influences, but the Arabic lute was an important predecessor.
5. Magnifying glass/glasses
Not only did the Arab world revolutionize mathematics – it also revolutionized optics. The scholar Alhazen (Abu al-Hasan) from Basra was the first person to describe how the eye works.
He carried out experiments with reflective materials and proved that the eye does not sense the environment with “sight rays,” as scientists had believed up until then. He also discovered that curved glass surfaces can be used for magnification.
His glass “reading stones” were the first magnifying glasses. It was from these that glasses were later developed. Furthermore, Alhazen wrote important scholarly texts on astronomy and meteorology.
6. Coffee
Coffee is the best known of the Muslim world’s exports. While it originated in Ethiopia, it soon found its way over the Red Sea to the Arabian peninsula, where it grew in popularity.
It is thought that an Ottoman merchant brought the bean-based beverage to London in the 17th century. Venice gained its first coffee house in 1645, while Germany got to know the drink following the retreat of the Turks from Austria in 1683. Legend has it that the Sultan’s soldiers left sackloads of coffee behind.
7. Hospitals
The first modern hospital with nurses and a training centre was in Cairo. In the Ahmed Ibn Tulun hospital (named for the founder of the Tulunid dynasty), which was established in the year 872, all patients received free health care – a Muslim tradition which was institutionalized with the advent of the hospital.
Slightly more basic hospitals had existed prior to this in Baghdad. But it was the Cairo model which would later serve as the template for hospitals all around the globe.
8. Surgical Innovations
The Andalusian-born doctor Albucasis (Abu al-Kasim) was one of the most significant medical figures of the Middle Ages. In the more than 30 volumes he wrote, the tenth-century Arab scholar described how important a positive patient-doctor relationship is, and argued for the same standard of medical care for all, regardless of social class.
He also invented methods for surgically treating diseases of the urethra, the ear and the esophagus, and was the first person to describe an ectopic pregnancy. So great was his influence that he was still being quoted by leading European physicians in the 16th century. His ideas shaped modern surgery.
Referens: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/0...n_6424836.html
Algebra fanns i Grekland innan islam ens uppstod. Och precis som det står i artikeln var Al-Khwarizmi persier och inte arab.
Sjukhus fanns också långt innan islam:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hospitals
Glasögon uppfanns i Italien, ej i arabvärlden.
Moderna gitarren uppfanns inte av muslimer. Inte heller instrumentet oud som nämns som en förlaga till moderna gitarren uppfanns av muslimer eller araber då det instrumentets historia går bak till Mesopotamien.
Dom äldsta tandborstarna kommer från Mesopotamien och Egypten, inte från arabvärlden. Flera tusen år innan Muhammed levde.
Och när det gäller kaffe så erkänner artikeln att ursprunget är Etiopien, ej den muslimska världen.
Citat:
Tyvärr. Även papper är från Kina. Check är ett persiskt ord, zakk, inte arabiskt. Så inte ens det är på kontot. För övrigt tror jag nog att skuldsedelsystem har funnits så länge det funnits skrivspråk eller ett godtagbart vittne som intygade att kungen/härskaren skulle betala X mynt till utlånaren. (fakta ur den extremt pro-arabiske Ingmar Karlssons Arvet från Bagdad)
De konkreta muslimska bidragen består mest av förmedling av antika, kinesiska och indiska kunskaper och innovationer. Har även för mig att man kan skriva papperstillverkning och papperspengar (ordet check kommer från ett arabiskt ord) på deras konto, två nog så betydelsefulla uppfinningar som hade stor betydelse för Europa.
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